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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §4.14.1-4.14.5

Athenian Naval Victory and Blockade of Sphacteria

Passage 379 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Athenians charge into the harbor and decisively defeat the Lacedaemonian fleet. The Lacedaemonians on the shore fight fiercely to save their comrades marooned on the island, but the Athenians succeed in establishing a naval blockade around it.

§4.14.1οἱ δ’ Ἀθηναῖοι γνόντες καθ’ ἑκάτερον τὸν ἔσπλουν ὥρμησαν ἐπ’ αὐτούς, καὶ τὰς μὲν πλείους καὶ μετεώρους ἤδη τῶν νεῶν καὶ ἀντιπρῴρους προσπεσόντες ἐς φυγὴν κατέστησαν, καὶ ἐπιδιώκοντες ὡς διὰ βραχέος ἔτρωσαν μὲν πολλάς, πέντε δὲ ἔλαβον, καὶ μίαν τούτων αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσιν· ταῖς δὲ λοιπαῖς ἐν τῇ γῇ καταπεφευγυίαις ἐνέβαλλον.
The Athenians, perceiving their preparation at each entrance, dashed in upon them, and attacking most of the ships which were already afloat and facing them, put them to flight; and pursuing them as far as the short distance allowed, they disabled many and captured five, one of these with its crew; and they rammed the rest which had fled to the shore.
αἱ δὲ καὶ πληρούμεναι ἔτι πρὶν ἀνάγεσθαι ἐκόπτοντο· καί τινας καὶ ἀναδούμενοι κενὰς εἷλκον τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐς φυγὴν ὡρμημένων.
Some ships, moreover, while still being manned, were battered before they could put out; and some they lashed and towed off empty, the men having fled to the shore.
§4.14.2ἃ ὁρῶντες οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ περιαλγοῦντες τῷ πάθει, ὅτιπερ αὐτῶν οἱ ἄνδρες ἀπελαμβάνοντο ἐν τῇ νήσῳ, παρεβοήθουν, καὶ ἐπεσβαίνοντες ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν ξὺν τοῖς ὅπλοις ἀνθεῖλκον ἐπιλαμβανόμενοι τῶν νεῶν·
Seeing this and being deeply distressed by the disaster, because their men were being cut off on the island, the Lacedaemonians rushed to the rescue, and going into the sea with their arms, they seized the ships and dragged them back.
καὶ ἐν τούτῳ κεκωλῦσθαι ἐδόκει ἕκαστος ᾧ μή τινι καὶ αὐτὸς ἔργῳ παρῆν.
In this conflict, each man felt that the cause was lost wherever he himself was not personally active.
§4.14.3ἐγένετό τε ὁ θόρυβος μέγας καὶ ἀντηλλαγμένου τοῦ ἑκατέρων τρόπου περὶ τὰς ναῦς· οἵ τε γὰρ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ὑπὸ προθυμίας καὶ ἐκπλήξεως ὡς εἰπεῖν ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἢ ἐκ γῆς ἐναυμάχουν, οἵ τε Ἀθηναῖοι κρατοῦντες καὶ βουλόμενοι τῇ παρούσῃ τύχῃ ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐπεξελθεῖν ἀπὸ νεῶν ἐπεζομάχουν.
Great indeed was the clamor, and the usual manner of fighting of both sides was reversed in the struggle for the ships; for the Lacedaemonians, in their eagerness and consternation, did nothing less, so to speak, than fight a sea-fight from the land, while the Athenians, who were winning and wished to push their present good fortune to the utmost, fought a land-battle from their ships.
§4.14.4πολύν τε πόνον παρασχόντες ἀλλήλοις καὶ τραυματίσαντες διεκρίθησαν, καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὰς κενὰς ναῦς πλὴν τῶν τὸ πρῶτον ληφθεισῶν διέσωσαν.
After inflicting much trouble upon each other and receiving many wounds they parted, and the Lacedaemonians saved their empty ships, except those taken at first.
§4.14.5καταστάντες δὲ ἑκάτεροι ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον οἱ μὲν τροπαῖόν τε ἔστησαν καὶ νεκροὺς ἀπέδοσαν καὶ ναυαγίων ἐκράτησαν, καὶ τὴν νῆσον εὐθὺς περιέπλεον καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ εἶχον ὡς τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἀπειλημμένων· οἱ δ’ ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Πελοποννήσιοι καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων ἤδη βεβοηθηκότες ἔμενον κατὰ χώραν ἐπὶ τῇ Πύλῳ.
When both sides had returned to their camps, the Athenians erected a trophy, restored the dead, and secured the wrecks, and immediately began to sail round the island and keep it under guard, looking upon the men as cut off; while the Peloponnesians on the mainland, who had now been reinforced from all sides, remained in their position at Pylos.

Notes

  1. §4.14.1αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσιν — Dative of accompaniment/manner with αὐτός, meaning "together with..." or "crews and all" without a preposition.
  2. §4.14.2κεκωλῦσθαι ἐδόκει ἕκαστος ᾧ μή τινι καὶ αὐτὸς ἔργῳ παρῆν — ἕκαστος is the subject of ἐδόκει with the perfect passive infinitive κεκωλῦσθαι. The relative clause ᾧ μή τινι ... ("in whichever matter he himself was not present in action") limits the scope of what was felt to be obstructed or lost.
  3. §4.14.3ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἢ ἐκ γῆς ἐναυμάχουν — Idiomatic expression ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἤ ("nothing other than", "practically"), highlighting the irony that they were fighting a sea-battle from the land (ἐκ γῆς).

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §4.14.1-4.14.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.14.1-4.14.5

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