Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §3.40.1-3.40.8

Cleon's Call to Reject Pity and Execute Mytilene

Passage 289 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Cleon concludes his speech by emphasizing that premeditated rebellion, as opposed to an involuntary error, deserves no pardon, and that pity or clemency only harms the empire. He urges the Athenians to execute all the Mytilenaeans as a stern warning to other allies against future revolts.

§3.40.1‘οὔκουν δεῖ προθεῖναι ἐλπίδα οὔτε λόγῳ πιστὴν οὔτε χρήμασιν ὠνητήν, ὡς ξυγγνώμην ἁμαρτεῖν ἀνθρωπίνως λήψονται.
"Therefore, you must not hold out any hope, whether made credible by speech or purchasable with money, that they will receive pardon on the ground that their error was only human.
ἄκοντες μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἔβλαψαν, εἰδότες δὲ ἐπεβούλευσαν· ξύγγνωμον δ’ ἐστὶ τὸ ἀκούσιον.
For they did not harm you unwillingly, but plotted against you knowingly; and only what is involuntary is excusable.
§3.40.2ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν καὶ τότε πρῶτον καὶ νῦν διαμάχομαι μὴ μεταγνῶναι ὑμᾶς τὰ προδεδογμένα, μηδὲ τρισὶ τοῖς ἀξυμφορωτάτοις τῇ ἀρχῇ, οἴκτῳ καὶ ἡδονῇ λόγων καὶ ἐπιεικείᾳ, ἁμαρτάνειν.
I, then, both on that first occasion and now, contend that you must not rescind your previous decisions, nor err through the three things most disadvantageous to empire—pity, delight in speeches, and clemency.
§3.40.3ἔλεός τε γὰρ πρὸς τοὺς ὁμοίους δίκαιος ἀντιδίδοσθαι, καὶ μὴ πρὸς τοὺς οὔτ᾽ ἀντοικτιοῦντας ἐξ ἀνάγκης τε καθεστῶτας αἰεὶ πολεμίους·
For pity is justly rendered to those who are like-minded, and not to those who will show no pity in return and are established by necessity as perpetual enemies.
οἵ τε τέρποντες λόγῳ ῥήτορες ἕξουσι καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις ἐλάσσοσιν ἀγῶνα, καὶ μὴ ἐν ᾧ ἡ μὲν πόλις βραχέα ἡσθεῖσα μεγάλα ζημιώσεται, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ εὖ εἰπεῖν τὸ παθεῖν εὖ ἀντιλήψονται·
And those orators who delight us with their speech will have their arena in other, lesser contests, and not in one where the state, after a brief pleasure, will suffer heavily, while they themselves in return for speaking well will receive well.
καὶ ἡ ἐπιείκεια πρὸς τοὺς μέλλοντας ἐπιτηδείους καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἔσεσθαι μᾶλλον δίδοται ἢ πρὸς τοὺς ὁμοίους τε καὶ οὐδὲν ἧσσον πολεμίους ὑπολειπομένους.
Also, clemency is properly shown toward those who will be useful to us in the future and thereafter, rather than toward those who remain just as they were and no less our enemies.
§3.40.4ἕν τε ξυνελὼν λέγω· πειθόμενοι μὲν ἐμοὶ τά τε δίκαια ἐς Μυτιληναίους καὶ τὰ ξύμφορα ἅμα ποιήσετε, ἄλλως δὲ γνόντες τοῖς μὲν οὐ χαριεῖσθε, ὑμᾶς δὲ αὐτοὺς μᾶλλον δικαιώσεσθε.
To sum up in a single word: if you follow me, you will do what is both just toward the Mytilenaeans and at the same time advantageous to yourselves; but if you decide otherwise, you will not please them, but rather condemn yourselves.
εἰ γὰρ οὗτοι ὀρθῶς ἀπέστησαν, ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε.
For if they were right in revolting, you must be ruling them wrongfully.
εἰ δὲ δὴ καὶ οὐ προσῆκον ὅμως ἀξιοῦτε τοῦτο δρᾶν, παρὰ τὸ εἰκός τοι καὶ τούσδε ξυμφόρως δεῖ κολάζεσθαι, ἢ παύεσθαι τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἀκινδύνου ἀνδραγαθίζεσθαι.
But if, even without justification, you still think fit to do this, then, contrary to what is fair, you must also punish them for your own advantage, or else give up your empire and play the honest man in safety.
§3.40.5τῇ τε αὐτῇ ζημίᾳ ἀξιώσατε ἀμύνασθαι καὶ μὴ ἀναλγητότεροι οἱ διαφεύγοντες τῶν ἐπιβουλευσάντων φανῆναι, ἐνθυμηθέντες ἃ εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς ποιῆσαι κρατήσαντας ὑμῶν, ἄλλως τε καὶ προϋπάρξαντας ἀδικίας.
And demand to retaliate with the same penalty, and do not let those who escaped the plot appear more unfeeling than those who devised it; reflect on what they would probably have done if they had conquered you, especially since they were the ones who committed the initial wrong.
§3.40.6μάλιστα δὲ οἱ μὴ ξὺν προφάσει τινὰ κακῶς ποιοῦντες ἐπεξέρχονται καὶ διολλύναι, τὸν κίνδυνον ὑφορώμενοι τοῦ ὑπολειπομένου ἐχθροῦ· ὁ γὰρ μὴ ξὺν ἀνάγκῃ τι παθὼν χαλεπώτερος διαφυγὼν τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ἴσης ἐχθροῦ.
And above all, those who do evil to another without any pretext pursue him even to destruction, because they suspect the danger from a surviving enemy; for he who suffers without necessity is, if he escapes, a more relentless enemy than one who was a foe on equal terms.
§3.40.7‘μὴ οὖν προδόται γένησθε ὑμῶν αὐτῶν, γενόμενοι δ’ ὅτι ἐγγύτατα τῇ γνώμῃ τοῦ πάσχειν καὶ ὡς πρὸ παντὸς ἂν ἐτιμήσασθε αὐτοὺς χειρώσασθαι, νῦν ἀνταπόδοτε μὴ μαλακισθέντες πρὸς τὸ παρὸν αὐτίκα μηδὲ τοῦ ἐπικρεμασθέντος ποτὲ δεινοῦ ἀμνημονοῦντες.
'Therefore, do not be traitors to yourselves, but placing yourselves in imagination as close as possible to the moment of your actual suffering, and remembering how you would have valued their subjection above everything, now pay them back. Do not grow weak in the face of the immediate present, nor forget the danger that once hung over you.
κολάσατε δὲ ἀξίως τούτους τε καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ξυμμάχοις παράδειγμα σαφὲς καταστήσατε, ὃς ἂν ἀφιστῆται, θανάτῳ ζημιωσόμενον.
Punish these men as they deserve, and establish a clear warning to the other allies that whoever revolts will be punished with death.
τόδε γὰρ ἢν γνῶσιν, ἧσσον τῶν πολεμίων ἀμελήσαντες τοῖς ὑμετέροις αὐτῶν μαχεῖσθε ξυμμάχοις. ’ §3.40.8κολάσατε δὲ ἀξίως τούτους τε καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ξυμμάχοις παράδειγμα σαφὲς καταστήσατε, ὃς ἂν ἀφιστῆται, θανάτῳ ζημιωσόμενον.
For if they realize this, you will less often have to fight your own allies while neglecting your actual enemies.' Punish these men as they deserve, and establish a clear warning to the other allies that whoever revolts will be punished with death.
τόδε γὰρ ἢν γνῶσιν, ἧσσον τῶν πολεμίων ἀμελήσαντες τοῖς ὑμετέροις αὐτῶν μαχεῖσθε ξυμμάχοις. ’
For if they realize this, you will less often have to fight your own allies while neglecting your actual enemies."

Notes

  1. §3.40.1ὡς ξυγγνώμην ἁμαρτεῖν ἀνθρωπίνως λήψονται — The conjunction ὡς with the future indicative λήψονται introduces an appositive clause explaining the content of the noun ἐλπίδα ('the hope that they will receive pardon...').
  2. §3.40.4ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε — The potential optative with ἂν (ἂν ἄρχοιτε) expresses a hypothetical conclusion ('you would be ruling'). οὐ χρεὼν is the neuter participle of the impersonal χρῆ, used adverbially to mean 'not as it ought to be' or 'wrongfully'.
  3. §3.40.5μὴ ἀναλγητότεροι οἱ διαφεύγοντες τῶν ἐπιβουλευσάντων φανῆναι — μὴ φανῆναι is a negative infinitive dependent on the preceding imperative ἀξιώσατε ('do not allow yourself to appear...'). The genitive τῶν ἐπιβουλευσάντων acts as a genitive of comparison governed by the comparative adjective ἀναλγητότεροι.
  4. §3.40.7γενόμενοι δ’ ὅτι ἐγγύτατα τῇ γνώμῃ τοῦ πάσχει(ν) — The conjunction ὅτι modifies the superlative adverb ἐγγύτατα to express the idea of 'as close as possible'. The articular infinitive in the genitive, τοῦ πάσχειν, is dependent on the adverb of proximity, meaning 'close to the suffering'.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §3.40.1-3.40.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.40.1-3.40.8

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.