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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §3.115.1-3.115.6

Athenian Reinforcements to Sicily and Pythodorus' Defeat

Passage 364 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Athenians in Sicily land in Himera and expedition to the Aeolian Islands. In response to their Sicilian allies' request for reinforcement, Athens decides to dispatch forty ships, sending Pythodorus ahead, who is then defeated at Locri.

§3.115.1οἱ δ’ ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ Ἀθηναῖοι τοῦ αὐτοῦ χειμῶνος ἔς τε τὴν Ἱμεραίαν ἀπόβασιν ἐποιήσαντο ἐκ τῶν νεῶν μετὰ τῶν Σικελῶν τῶν ἄνωθεν ἐσβεβληκότων ἐς τὰ ἔσχατα τῆς Ἱμεραίας, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς Αἰόλου νήσους ἔπλευσαν.
During the same winter, the Athenians in Sicily made a descent from their ships upon the territory of Himera, in conjunction with the Sicels who had invaded its borders from the interior, and they also sailed against the islands of Aeolus.
§3.115.2ἀναχωρήσαντες δὲ ἐς Ῥήγιον Πυθόδωρον τὸν Ἰσολόχου Ἀθηναίων στρατηγὸν καταλαμβάνουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς διάδοχον ὧν ὁ Λάχης ἦρχεν.
And having returned to Rhegium, they found Pythodorus, the son of Isolochus, an Athenian general, who had arrived to take command of the fleet as successor to Laches.
§3.115.3οἱ γὰρ ἐν Σικελίᾳ ξύμμαχοι πλεύσαντες ἔπεισαν τοὺς Ἀθηναίους βοηθεῖν σφίσι πλείοσι ναυσίν· τῆς μὲν γὰρ γῆς αὐτῶν οἱ Συρακόσιοι ἐκράτουν, τῆς δὲ θαλάσσης ὀλίγαις ναυσὶν εἰργόμενοι παρεσκευάζοντο ναυτικὸν ξυναγείροντες ὡς οὐ περιοψόμενοι.
For the allies in Sicily had sailed and persuaded the Athenians to assist them with a larger fleet; since the Syracusans were masters of their land, and being excluded from the sea by only a few ships, they were preparing to collect a navy, as they were not disposed to look on.
§3.115.4καὶ ἐπλήρουν ναῦς τεσσαράκοντα οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ὡς ἀποστελοῦντες αὐτοῖς, ἅμα μὲν ἡγούμενοι θᾶσσον τὸν ἐκεῖ πόλεμον καταλυθήσεσθαι, ἅμα δὲ βουλόμενοι μελέτην τοῦ ναυτικοῦ ποιεῖσθαι.
And the Athenians manned forty ships to send to them, thinking on the one hand that the war there would be more quickly brought to an end, and wishing on the other hand to give practice to their navy.
§3.115.5τὸν μὲν οὖν ἕνα τῶν στρατηγῶν ἀπέστειλαν Πυθόδωρον ὀλίγαις ναυσί, Σοφοκλέα δὲ τὸν Σωστρατίδου καὶ Εὐρυμέδοντα τὸν Θουκλέους ἐπὶ τῶν πλειόνων νεῶν ἀποπέμψειν ἔμελλον.
They therefore dispatched Pythodorus, one of the generals, with a few ships, and were about to send off Sophocles the son of Sostratides and Eurymedon the son of Thucles with the larger part of the fleet.
§3.115.6ὁ δὲ Πυθόδωρος ἤδη ἔχων τὴν τοῦ Λάχητος τῶν νεῶν ἀρχὴν ἔπλευσε τελευτῶντος τοῦ χειμῶνος ἐπὶ τὸ Λοκρῶν φρούριον ὃ πρότερον Λάχης εἷλε, καὶ νικηθεὶς μάχῃ ὑπὸ τῶν Λοκρῶν ἀπεχώρησεν.
And Pythodorus, having now taken command of the ships of Laches, sailed at the close of the winter against the Locrian fortress which Laches had previously taken, and having been defeated in battle by the Locrians, he withdrew.

Notes

  1. §3.115.2καταλαμβάνουσιν — This is a historical present, indicating that the Athenians returning to Rhegium 'found' or 'encountered' Pythodorus already there. 'διάδοχον' (successor) functions as a predicative accusative in apposition to Pythodorus.
  2. §3.115.3τῆς δὲ θαλάσσης ὀλίγαις ναυσὶν εἰργόμενοι — The subject of the participle 'εἰργόμενοι' is 'οἱ Συρακόσιοι' (the Syracusans) from the preceding clause. 'ὀλίγαις ναυσὶν' refers to the few Athenian ships; the Syracusans, though dominating the land, were shut out from the sea by this small Athenian force.
  3. §3.115.3ὡς οὐ περιοψόμενοι — The combination of 'ὡς' with the future participle 'περιοψόμενοι' expresses the subjective intention or resolve of the Syracusans ('as they were not going to look on / stand by idly').

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §3.115.1-3.115.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.115.1-3.115.6

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