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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.8.1-2.8.5

Enthusiasm for War, Portents, and Greek Public Opinion

Passage 154 of 917 · Greek

Summary

This passage describes the high enthusiasm for war among the youth on both sides, the occurrence of portents like the earthquake in Delos, and the overwhelming goodwill of Greece toward the Lacedaemonians who promised liberation.

§2.8.1ὀλίγον τε ἐπενόουν οὐδὲν ἀμφότεροι, ἀλλ’ ἔρρωντο ἐς τὸν πόλεμον οὐκ ἀπεικότως· ἀρχόμενοι γὰρ πάντες ὀξύτερον ἀντιλαμβάνονται, τότε δὲ καὶ νεότης πολλὴ μὲν οὖσα ἐν τῇ Πελοποννήσῳ, πολλὴ δ’ ἐν ταῖς Ἀθήναις οὐκ ἀκουσίως ὑπὸ ἀπειρίας ἥπτετο τοῦ πολέμου, ἥ τε ἄλλη Ἑλλὰς ἅπασα μετέωρος ἦν ξυνιουσῶν τῶν πρώτων πόλεων.
Neither side conceived any small plans, but both were full of energy for the war, and not without reason; for at the beginning everyone takes up a task with greater zest, and at that time there was a large number of young men in the Peloponnese, and a large number in Athens, who, owing to their inexperience, were not unwillingly laying hold of the war. Moreover, all the rest of Greece was in suspense as the leading cities were coming into conflict.
§2.8.2καὶ πολλὰ μὲν λόγια ἐλέγετο, πολλὰ δὲ χρησμολόγοι ᾖδον ἔν τε τοῖς μέλλουσι πολεμήσειν καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις πόλεσιν.
Many prophetic sayings were being repeated, and oracle-mongers chanted many prophecies both among those who were about to go to war and in the other cities.
§2.8.3ἔτι δὲ Δῆλος ἐκινήθη ὀλίγον πρὸ τούτων, πρότερον οὔπω σεισθεῖσα ἀφ’ οὗ Ἕλληνες μέμνηνται· ἐλέγετο δὲ καὶ ἐδόκει ἐπὶ τοῖς μέλλουσι γενήσεσθαι σημῆναι.
Furthermore, a short time before this, Delos was shaken, an island which had never before experienced an earthquake within the memory of the Greeks; and this was said and believed to be a portent of what was about to happen.
εἴ τέ τι ἄλλο τοιουτότροπον ξυνέβη γενέσθαι, πάντα ἀνεζητεῖτο.
And if any other occurrence of a similar nature took place, it was thoroughly investigated.
§2.8.4ἡ δὲ εὔνοια παρὰ πολὺ ἐποίει τῶν ἀνθρώπων μᾶλλον ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους, ἄλλως τε καὶ προειπόντων ὅτι τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐλευθεροῦσιν.
The general goodwill of men inclined by far the more toward the Lacedaemonians, especially as they had proclaimed beforehand that they were going to liberate Greece.
ἔρρωτό τε πᾶς καὶ ἰδιώτης καὶ πόλις εἴ τι δύναιτο καὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ ξυνεπιλαμβάνειν αὐτοῖς· ἐν τούτῳ τε κεκωλῦσθαι ἐδόκει ἑκάστῳ τὰ πράγματα ᾧ μή τις αὐτὸς παρέσται.
Everyone, both private citizen and state, was eager to help them by word and deed in any way he could, and each one felt that the progress of affairs was hindered in any matter where he himself was not present to assist.
§2.8.5οὕτως 〈ἐν〉 ὀργῇ εἶχον οἱ πλείους τοὺς Ἀθηναίους, οἱ μὲν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀπολυθῆναι βουλόμενοι, οἱ δὲ μὴ ἀρχθῶσι φοβούμενοι.
To such an extent did the majority hold the Athenians in anger, some wishing to be released from their rule, and others fearing lest they should be brought under it.

Notes

  1. §2.8.1ὀλίγον τε ἐπενόουν οὐδὲν — A litotes using double negation (ὀλίγον and οὐδὲν) to express a strong affirmation. It means 'they conceived no small plans' (i.e., they were planning great things).
  2. §2.8.1μετέωρος ἦν — A figurative use of the adjective μετέωρος (suspended in the air). It describes the state of all Greece as being 'in suspense,' 'excited,' or 'highly anxious' in anticipation of the war.
  3. §2.8.4ἐποίει — The verb ποιέω is used here intransitively (or with the omission of a verb of motion like ῥέπω, 'to incline') in the sense of 'to turn' or 'to incline.' The overall meaning is 'the goodwill of men inclined far more toward the Lacedaemonians.'
  4. §2.8.4ἐν τούτῳ τε κεκωλῦσθαι ἐδόκει ἑκάστῳ τὰ πράγματα ᾧ μή τις αὐτὸς παρέσται — The relative clause ᾧ μή τις αὐτὸς παρέσται is interpreted either as incorporating the antecedent (equivalent to ἐν τούτῳ [ἐν] ᾧ) or as meaning 'in that affair in which one is not personally present.' The infinitive κεκωλῦσθαι depends on ἐδόκει. It describes the state of mind where everyone felt that the general cause was being hindered in whatever part they themselves did not actively participate.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.8.1-2.8.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.8.1-2.8.5

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