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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.9.1-2.9.6

List of Allies and Forces of Both Sparta and Athens

Passage 155 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Lists the allies on both the Lacedaemonian and Athenian sides at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, along with the specific forces (navy, cavalry, infantry, or money) provided by each.

§2.9.1παρασκευῇ μὲν οὖν καὶ γνώμῃ τοιαύτῃ ὥρμηντο, πόλεις δὲ ἑκάτεροι τάσδε ἔχοντες ξυμμάχους ἐς τὸν πόλεμον καθίσταντο.
Thus they set out with such preparations and resolve; and both sides entered the war with the following cities as their allies.
§2.9.2Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν οἵδε ξύμμαχοι· Πελοποννήσιοι μὲν οἱ ἐντὸς Ἰσθμοῦ πάντες πλὴν Ἀργείων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν (τούτοις δὲ ἐς ἀμφοτέρους φιλία ἦν· Πελληνῆς δὲ Ἀχαιῶν μόνοι ξυνεπολέμουν τὸ πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δὲ ὕστερον καὶ ἅπαντες), ἔξω δὲ Πελοποννήσου Μεγαρῆς, Βοιωτοί, Λοκροί, Φωκῆς, Ἀμπρακιῶται, Λευκάδιοι, Ἀνακτόριοι.
The allies of the Lacedaemonians were as follows: all the Peloponnesians within the Isthmus except the Argives and Achaeans (with both of whom there was friendship on their part; though of the Achaeans, the Pellenians alone fought with them at first, but afterwards all of them did); and outside the Peloponnese, the Megarians, Boeotians, Locrians, Phocians, Ambraciots, Leucadians, and Anactorians.
§2.9.3τούτων ναυτικὸν παρείχοντο Κορίνθιοι, Μεγαρῆς, Σικυώνιοι, Πελληνῆς, Ἠλεῖοι, Ἀμπρακιῶται, Λευκάδιοι, ἱππέας δὲ Βοιωτοί, Φωκῆς, Λοκροί· αἱ δ’ ἄλλαι πόλεις πεζὸν παρεῖχον.
Of these, the Corinthians, Megarians, Sicyonians, Pellenians, Eleans, Ambraciots, and Leucadians furnished a navy, and the Boeotians, Phocians, and Locrians cavalry; while the other cities furnished infantry.
αὕτη μὲν Λακεδαιμονίων ξυμμαχία·
This was the alliance of the Lacedaemonians.
§2.9.4Ἀθηναίων δὲ Χῖοι, Λέσβιοι, Πλαταιῆς, Μεσσήνιοι οἱ ἐν Ναυπάκτῳ, Ἀκαρνάνων οἱ πλείους, Κερκυραῖοι, Ζακύνθιοι, καὶ ἄλλαι πόλεις αἱ ὑποτελεῖς οὖσαι ἐν ἔθνεσι τοσοῖσδε, Καρία ἡ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ, Δωριῆς Καρσὶ πρόσοικοι, Ἰωνία, Ἑλλήσποντος, τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης, νῆσοι ὅσαι ἐντὸς Πελοποννήσου καὶ Κρήτης πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα, πᾶσαι αἱ Κυκλάδες πλὴν Μήλου καὶ Θήρας.
On the side of the Athenians were the Chians, Lesbians, Plataeans, the Messenians in Naupactus, the majority of the Acarnanians, the Corcyraeans, the Zacynthians, and other cities that were tributary in the following nations: Caria on the sea, the Dorians adjacent to the Carians, Ionia, the Hellespont, the Thracian region, and such islands as lie between the Peloponnese and Crete toward the east, namely all the Cyclades except Melos and Thera.
§2.9.5τούτων ναυτικὸν παρείχοντο Χῖοι, Λέσβιοι, Κερκυραῖοι, οἱ δ’ ἄλλοι πεζὸν καὶ χρήματα.
Of these, the Chians, Lesbians, and Corcyraeans furnished a navy, while the others furnished infantry and money.
§2.9.6ξυμμαχία μὲν αὕτη ἑκατέρων καὶ παρασκευὴ ἐς τὸν πόλεμον ἦν.
Such was the alliance of each side and their preparation for the war.

Notes

  1. §2.9.2τούτοις δὲ ἐς ἀμφοτέρους φιλία ἦν — τούτοις is a dative of possession referring to the Argives and Achaeans, and ἐς ἀμφοτέρους indicates their friendly, neutral relations with both combatants (Athens and Sparta).
  2. §2.9.4νῆσοι ὅσαι ἐντὸς Πελοποννήσου καὶ Κρήτης πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα — ἐντὸς (within) refers geographically to the sea area enclosed by the Peloponnese and Crete (the southern Aegean), and πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα (towards the rising sun, i.e., the east) indicates the islands in the eastern part of this area, which is further defined by the subsequent phrase 'all the Cyclades except Melos and Thera.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.9.1-2.9.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.9.1-2.9.6

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