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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §2.42.1-2.42.4

The Noble Sacrifice and Death of the Fallen Soldiers

Passage 188 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Pericles explains that he spoke at length about Athens to highlight the significance of the struggle, and praises the fallen soldiers who overcame their attachment to wealth and fear of poverty to die nobly for their country.

§2.42.1‘δι’ ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐμήκυνα τὰ περὶ τῆς πόλεως, διδασκαλίαν τε ποιούμενος μὴ περὶ ἴσου ἡμῖν εἶναι τὸν ἀγῶνα καὶ οἷς τῶνδε μηδὲν ὑπάρχει ὁμοίως, καὶ τὴν εὐλογίαν ἅμα ἐφ’ οἷς νῦν λέγω φανερὰν σημείοις καθιστάς.
‘For this very reason, I have spoken at length about the city, to show that the struggle is not on equal terms for us and for those who possess none of these things, and at the same time to make manifest, by clear proofs, the praise of those whom I am now speaking of.
§2.42.2καὶ εἴρηται αὐτῆς τὰ μέγιστα· ἃ γὰρ τὴν πόλιν ὕμνησα, αἱ τῶνδε καὶ τῶν τοιῶνδε ἀρεταὶ ἐκόσμησαν, καὶ οὐκ ἂν πολλοῖς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἰσόρροπος ὥσπερ τῶνδε ὁ λόγος τῶν ἔργων φανείη.
And the greatest qualities of the city have already been spoken of; for the virtues of these men and of those like them have adorned the very things for which I praised the city, and there are not many Greeks whose reputation would appear, like theirs, to be in perfect balance with their deeds.
δοκεῖ δέ μοι δηλοῦν ἀνδρὸς ἀρετὴν πρώτη τε μηνύουσα καὶ τελευταία βεβαιοῦσα ἡ νῦν τῶνδε καταστροφή.
It seems to me that the present end of these men reveals a man's virtue, being its first indication and its final confirmation.
§2.42.3καὶ γὰρ τοῖς τἆλλα χείροσι δίκαιον τὴν ἐς τοὺς πολέμους ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος ἀνδραγαθίαν προτίθεσθαι· ἀγαθῷ γὰρ κακὸν ἀφανίσαντες κοινῶς μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν.
For even in the case of those who were worse in other respects, it is just to put forward their bravery in war on behalf of their country; for by wiping out evil with good, they did more service to the community than harm from their private lives.
§2.42.4τῶνδε δὲ οὔτε πλούτου τις τὴν ἔτι ἀπόλαυσιν προτιμήσας ἐμαλακίσθη οὔτε πενίας ἐλπίδι, ὡς κἂν ἔτι διαφυγὼν αὐτὴν πλουτήσειεν, ἀναβολὴν τοῦ δεινοῦ ἐποιήσατο·
And among these men, no one was made a coward by preferring the continued enjoyment of wealth, nor did anyone, through the hope of poverty—thinking that he might yet escape it and become rich—postpone the danger.
τὴν δὲ τῶν ἐναντίων τιμωρίαν ποθεινοτέραν αὐτῶν λαβόντες καὶ κινδύνων ἅμα τόνδε κάλλιστον νομίσαντες ἐβουλήθησαν μετ’ αὐτοῦ τοὺς μὲν τιμωρεῖσθαι, τῶν δὲ ἐφίεσθαι, ἐλπίδι μὲν τὸ ἀφανὲς τοῦ κατορθώσειν ἐπιτρέψαντες, ἔργῳ δὲ περὶ τοῦ ἤδη ὁρωμένου σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ἀξιοῦντες πεποιθέναι, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ ἀμύνεσθαι καὶ παθεῖν μᾶλλον ἡγησάμενοι ἢ [τὸ] ἐνδόντες σῴζεσθαι, τὸ μὲν αἰσχρὸν τοῦ λόγου ἔφυγον, τὸ δ’ ἔργον τῷ σώματι ὑπέμειναν καὶ δι’ ἐλαχίστου καιροῦ τύχης ἅμα ἀκμῇ τῆς δόξης μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ δέους ἀπηλλάγησαν.
Rather, holding the punishment of their enemies to be more desirable than these things, and at the same time considering this to be the most glorious of hazards, they wished, along with this hazard, to punish their enemies and to strive after those hopes; committing to hope the uncertainty of success, but in actual deed choosing to rely on themselves regarding what was already visible. And thinking it better to resist and suffer than to save themselves by giving in, they fled the disgrace of word, and endured the deed with their body; and in a brief instant of fortune, at the very height of their glory rather than of their fear, they departed.’

Notes

  1. 2.42.1μὴ περὶ ἴσου ἡμῖν εἶναι τὸν ἀγῶνα καὶ οἷς τῶνδε μηδὲν ὑπάρχει ὁμοίως — The relative pronoun οἷς is attracted to the dative case within its clause, with the omitted demonstrative antecedent ἐκείνοις (dative, co-ordinated with ἡμῖν by καὶ). The literal meaning is "that the struggle is not on equal terms for us and for those to whom none of these things belong in like manner."
  2. 2.42.2ἃ γὰρ τὴν πόλιν ὕμνησα — The relative pronoun ἃ functions as an internal (or cognate) accusative with the verb ὕμνησα ("I praised"), referring back to the qualities of the city praised in the preceding sections. It translates to "for the things for which I praised the city."
  3. 2.42.3τοῖς τἆλλα χείροσι — The phrase τἆλλα (for τὰ ἄλλα) is an accusative of respect (specification) modifying the comparative adjective χείροσι (dative, agreeing with τοῖς). It means "even for those who are inferior in other respects (e.g., in private life or character)."
  4. 2.42.4τῶνδε δὲ οὔτε πλούτου τις τὴν ἔτι ἀπόλαυσιν προτιμήσας — The genitive πλούτου is governed by the participle προτιμήσας, which expresses preference over something else, in apposition to or comparison with the accusative object τὴν ἔτι ἀπόλαυσιν. It means "preferring the continued enjoyment of wealth (to the performance of duty)."
  5. 2.42.4τῆς δόξης μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ δέους ἀπηλλάγησαν — The verb ἀπηλλάγησαν (third-person plural aorist passive of ἀπαλλάσσω, "they were set free, departed") governs the genitives of separation τῆς δόξης and τοῦ δέους. It is a highly condensed Thucydidean phrase, meaning "they were released (from life) at the height of their glory rather than of their fear."

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §2.42.1-2.42.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.42.1-2.42.4

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