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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.9.1-1.9.4

Agamemnon's Power and the Rise of the Pelopidae

Passage 9 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Discusses how Agamemnon mobilized the expedition to Troy through his power and naval strength, and outlines the historical rise of the Pelopidae, from whom he inherited this power.

§1.9.1Ἀγαμέμνων τέ μοι δοκεῖ τῶν τότε δυνάμει προύχων καὶ οὐ τοσοῦτον τοῖς Τυνδάρεω ὅρκοις κατειλημμένους τοὺς Ἑλένης μνηστῆρας ἄγων τὸν στόλον ἀγεῖραι.
And Agamemnon, it seems to me, because he surpassed those of his time in power, and not so much because he was leading the suitors of Helen who were bound by the oaths to Tyndareus, assembled the expedition.
§1.9.2λέγουσι δὲ καὶ οἱ τὰ σαφέστατα Πελοποννησίων μνήμῃ παρὰ τῶν πρότερον δεδεγμένοι Πέλοπά τε πρῶτον πλήθει χρημάτων, ἃ ἦλθεν ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας ἔχων ἐς ἀνθρώπους ἀπόρους, δύναμιν περιποιησάμενον τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν τῆς χώρας ἔπηλυν ὄντα ὅμως σχεῖν, καὶ ὕστερον τοῖς ἐκγόνοις ἔτι μείζω ξυνενεχθῆναι, Εὐρυσθέως μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ ὑπὸ Ἡρακλειδῶν ἀποθανόντος, Ἀτρέως δὲ μητρὸς ἀδελφοῦ ὄντος αὐτῷ, καὶ ἐπιτρέψαντος Εὐρυσθέως, ὅτ᾽ ἐστράτευε, Μυκήνας τε καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν κατὰ τὸ οἰκεῖον Ἀτρεῖ (τυγχάνειν δὲ αὐτὸν φεύγοντα τὸν πατέρα διὰ τὸν Χρυσίππου θάνατον), καὶ ὡς οὐκέτι ἀνεχώρησεν Εὐρυσθεύς, βουλομένων καὶ τῶν Μυκηναίων φόβῳ τῶν Ἡρακλειδῶν καὶ ἅμα δυνατὸν δοκοῦντα εἶναι καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τεθεραπευκότα τῶν Μυκηναίων τε καὶ ὅσων Εὐρυσθεὺς ἦρχε τὴν βασιλείαν Ἀτρέα παραλαβεῖν, καὶ τῶν Περσειδῶν τοὺς Πελοπίδας μείζους καταστῆναι.
And those of the Peloponnesians who have received the clearest accounts by memory from those before them also say that Pelops first, by the abundance of wealth which he brought with him from Asia to needy people, acquired power, and though being an immigrant, nevertheless succeeded in giving his name to the country; and that later still greater fortune befell his descendants, when Eurystheus was killed in Attica by the Heracleidae, and Atreus, who was his mother's brother, and to whom Eurystheus, when he went on the campaign, had entrusted Mycenae and the government on account of their kinship (it happened that Atreus was fleeing from his father because of the death of Chrysippus), and when Eurystheus did not return, since the Mycenaeans also wished it through fear of the Heracleidae, and at the same time as Atreus seemed to be powerful and had courted the favor of the multitude of the Mycenaeans and of all whom Eurystheus ruled, Atreus received the kingdom, and the house of Pelops became greater than that of Perseus.
§1.9.3ἅ μοι δοκεῖ Ἀγαμέμνων παραλαβὼν καὶ ναυτικῷ [τε] ἅμα ἐπὶ πλέον τῶν ἄλλων ἰσχύσας, τὴν στρατείαν οὐ χάριτι τὸ πλέον ἢ φόβῳ ξυναγαγὼν ποιήσασθαι.
Receiving these things, it seems to me, and having at the same time become stronger in naval power than the others, Agamemnon made the campaign, having brought the forces together not so much by favor as by fear.
§1.9.4φαίνεται γὰρ ναυσί τε πλείσταις αὐτὸς ἀφικόμενος καὶ Ἀρκάσι προσπαρασχών, ὡς Ὅμηρος τοῦτο δεδήλωκεν, εἴ τῳ ἱκανὸς τεκμηριῶσαι.
For he appears to have come himself with the most ships, and to have supplied them in addition to the Arcadians, as Homer has shown this, if he is sufficient to witness for anyone.
καὶ ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου ἅμα τῇ παραδόσει εἴρηκεν αὐτὸν " πολλῇσι νήσοισι καὶ Ἄργεϊ παντὶ ἀνάσσειν·
And in the passage concerning the transmission of the sceptre, he has said of him that he: "rules over many islands and all of Argos.
" οὐκ ἂν οὖν νήσων ἔξω τῶν περιοικίδων (αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν) ἠπειρώτης ὢν ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν.
"Therefore, being a land-dweller, he would not have ruled over any islands beyond those immediately adjacent (and these would not be many), unless he had also possessed some naval power.
εἰκάζειν δὲ χρὴ καὶ ταύτῃ τῇ στρατείᾳ οἷα ἦν τὰ πρὸ αὐτῆς.
And we must estimate by this campaign what those before it were like.

Notes

  1. §1.9.1οὐ τοσοῦτον τοῖς Τυνδάρεω ὅρκοις — The phrase οὐ τοσοῦτον (not so much) implies a comparison with a missing ὡς (as), contrasting the moral obligation of the oaths (τοῖς Τυνδάρεω ὅρκοις) with Agamemnon's superior power (δυνάμει προύχων). It means he assembled the force not so much because of the oaths as because of his own power.
  2. §1.9.2τὰ σαφέστατα Πελοποννησίων — The genitive Πελοποννησίων (of the Peloponnesians) can be construed either as a partitive genitive with the substantivized participle οἱ δεδεγμένοι ('those of the Peloponnesians who have received...') or as depending on τὰ σαφέστατα ('the clearest accounts concerning the Peloponnesians'). The former reading is adopted here.
  3. §1.9.2Εὐρυσθέως μὲν ... ἀποθανόντος — The series of genitives absolute starting with Εὐρυσθέως μὲν ... ἀποθανόντος (Eurystheus having died...) explains the historical circumstances that led to Atreus receiving the kingdom (παραλαβεῖν). This complex construction is further interrupted by the parenthetical infinitive clause τυγχάνειν δὲ αὐτὸν... ('it happened that he was fleeing...').
  4. §1.9.3ἅ μοι δοκεῖ Ἀγαμέμνων παραλαβὼν — The relative pronoun ἅ at the beginning is neuter plural accusative, referring back to the power and possessions acquired by the Pelopidae in the preceding section. The nominative Ἀγαμέμνων, along with the participles παραλαβὼν and ἰσχύσας, acts as the subject of the personal construction of δοκεῖ ('Agamemnon seems to me to have made...'), rather than an impersonal 'it seems that...'.
  5. §1.9.4οὐκ ἂν ... ἐκράτει, εἰ μή ... εἶχεν — The combination of ἂν with the imperfect indicative (ἐκράτει) and εἰ with the imperfect (εἶχεν) typically forms a present contrary-to-fact conditional sentence, but here it functions as a past contrary-to-fact referring to a continuous state of affairs in the past ('he would not have been ruling..., if he had not possessed...').

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.9.1-1.9.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.9.1-1.9.4

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