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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.69.1-1.69.6

Corinthian Indictment of Spartan Inaction over Athens

Passage 69 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Corinthians severely criticize the Lacedaemonians for their long-standing inactivity and passivity, blaming them for allowing Athenian expansion and urging them to take immediate defensive action.

§1.69.1καὶ τῶνδε ὑμεῖς αἴτιοι, τό τε πρῶτον ἐάσαντες αὐτοὺς τὴν πόλιν μετὰ τὰ Μηδικὰ κρατῦναι καὶ ὕστερον τὰ μακρὰ στῆσαι τείχη,ἐς τόδε τε αἰεὶ ἀποστεροῦντες οὐ μόνον τοὺς ὑπ’ ἐκείνων δεδουλωμένους ἐλευθερίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ὑμετέρους ἤδη ξυμμάχους·
And you are responsible for this, having at first allowed them to fortify their city after the Persian wars and later to erect the Long Walls, and up to this day continually depriving of freedom not only those who have been enslaved by them, but already your own allies as well.
οὐ γὰρ ὁ δουλωσάμενος, ἀλλ’ ὁ δυνάμενος μὲν παῦσαι περιορῶν δὲ ἀληθέστερον αὐτὸ δρᾷ, εἴπερ καὶ τὴν ἀξίωσιν τῆς ἀρετῆς ὡς ἐλευθερῶν τὴν Ἑλλάδα φέρεται.
For it is not the one who has enslaved them, but the one who has the power to stop it but looks on, who more truly does this, especially if he also enjoys the reputation for virtue as the liberator of Greece.
§1.69.2μόλις δὲ νῦν γε ξυνήλθομεν καὶ οὐδὲ νῦν ἐπὶ φανεροῖς.
Only now at last have we met, and with difficulty, and not even now for a clear purpose.
χρῆν γὰρ οὐκ εἰ ἀδικούμεθα ἔτι σκοπεῖν, ἀλλὰ καθ’ ὅτι ἀμυνούμεθα· οἱ γὰρ δρῶντες βεβουλευμένοι πρὸς οὐ διεγνωκότας ἤδη καὶ οὐ μέλλοντες ἐπέρχονται.
For we ought to be considering, not whether we are still being wronged, but how we shall defend ourselves; for those who act, having already made up their minds, advance without hesitating against those who have not yet decided.
§1.69.3καὶ ἐπιστάμεθα οἵᾳ ὁδῷ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ὅτι κατ’ ὀλίγον χωροῦσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς πέλας.
And we know by what path the Athenians advance and that they proceed by degrees against their neighbors.
καὶ λανθάνειν μὲν οἰόμενοι διὰ τὸ ἀναίσθητον ὑμῶν ἧσσον θαρσοῦσι, γνόντες δὲ εἰδότας περιορᾶν ἰσχυρῶς ἐγκείσονται.
While they think they escape notice owing to your lack of perception, they are less bold; but when they realize that you know but are looking on, they will press on vigorously.
§1.69.4ἡσυχάζετε γάρ, μόνοι Ἑλλήνων, ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, οὐ τῇ δυνάμει τινά, ἀλλὰ τῇ μελλήσει ἀμυνόμενοι, καὶ μόνοι οὐκ ἀρχομένην τὴν αὔξησιν τῶν ἐχθρῶν διπλασιουμένην δὲ καταλύοντες.
For you remain inactive, Lacedaemonians, alone of the Greeks, defending yourselves against an enemy not by your power but by delay, and alone destroying the growth of your enemies not when it is beginning but when it is doubling.
§1.69.5καίτοι ἐλέγεσθε ἀσφαλεῖς εἶναι, ὧν ἄρα ὁ λόγος τοῦ ἔργου ἐκράτει.
And yet you were said to be reliable, though in your case, it seems, reputation exceeded reality.
τόν τε γὰρ Μῆδον αὐτοὶ ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς πρότερον ἐπὶ τὴν Πελοπόννησον ἐλθόντα ἢ τὰ παρ’ ὑμῶν ἀξίως προαπαντῆσαι, καὶ νῦν τοὺς Ἀθηναίους οὐχ ἑκάς, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνον, ἀλλ’ ἐγγὺς ὄντας περιορᾶτε, καὶ ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐπελθεῖν αὐτοὶ ἀμύνεσθαι βούλεσθε μᾶλλον ἐπιόντας, καὶ ἐς τύχας πρὸς πολλῷ δυνατωτέρους ἀγωνιζόμενοι καταστῆναι, ἐπιστάμενοι καὶ τὸν βάρβαρον αὐτὸν περὶ αὑτῷ τὰ πλείω σφαλέντα, καὶ πρὸς αὐτοὺς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους πολλὰ ἡμᾶς ἤδη τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν αὐτῶν μᾶλλον ἢ τῇ ἀφ’ ὑμῶν τιμωρίᾳ περιγεγενημένους, ἐπεὶ αἵ γε ὑμέτεραι ἐλπίδες ἤδη τινάς που καὶ ἀπαρασκεύους διὰ τὸ πιστεῦσαι ἔφθειραν.
For we ourselves know that the Persian came from the ends of the earth to the Peloponnesus before your forces went out to meet him in a worthy manner; and now you look on at the Athenians, who are not far off like him, but near, and instead of attacking them yourselves, you prefer to defend yourselves when they attack, and to commit yourselves to the hazards of war against far stronger foes, knowing that even the barbarian himself failed for the most part through his own errors, and that against these Athenians themselves we have already often prevailed through their mistakes rather than through your assistance—since indeed hopes in you have already ruined some, I suppose, who were unprepared because of their trust.
§1.69.6καὶ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν ἐπ’ ἔχθρᾳ τὸ πλέον ἢ αἰτίᾳ νομίσῃ τάδε λέγεσθαι· αἰτία μὲν γὰρ φίλων ἀνδρῶν ἐστὶν ἁμαρτανόντων, κατηγορία δὲ ἐχθρῶν ἀδικησάντων.
And let no one of you think that these things are said out of hostility rather than by way of remonstrance; for remonstrance is for friends who make mistakes, but accusation is for enemies who commit injustices.

Notes

  1. §1.69.1αὐτὸ δρᾷ — The pronoun αὐτό ("this") refers back to the action implied by the substantivized participle ὁ δουλωσάμενος ("the one who enslaved"), meaning the act of enslaving (δουλοῦν). Although there is no direct antecedent, the context makes the implied action clear.
  2. §1.69.1εἴπερ καὶ τὴν ἀξίωσιν τῆς ἀρετῆς ὡς ἐλευθερῶν τὴν Ἑλλάδα φέρεται — The object of the main verb φέρεται ("wins, enjoys") is τὴν ἀξίωσιν τῆς ἀρετῆς ("the reputation for virtue"), and the participle clause with ὡς, ὡς ἐλευθερῶν τὴν Ἑλλάδα ("as the liberator of Greece"), is an appositive structure describing the role or claim of the subject.
  3. §1.69.2ἤδη καὶ οὐ μέλλοντες — This adverbial expression (consisting of ἤδη, "already," and the negative participle οὐ μέλλοντες, "not delaying/without hesitating") does not qualify the immediately preceding substantivized participle οὐ διεγνωκότας ("those who have not decided"), but rather modifies the main verb ἐπέρχονται ("they advance/attack"). This arrangement highlights the speed of the aggressors in contrast to Spartan hesitation.
  4. §1.69.5ὧν ἄρα ὁ λόγος τοῦ ἔργου ἐκράτει — The relative pronoun in the genitive ὧν refers to the antecedent ὑμεῖς (you), serving as a genitive of reference or possession ("in whose case"). The subject of the comparative verb ἐκράτει ("surpassed/exceeded") is ὁ λόγος ("reputation/report"), while the genitive of comparison is τοῦ ἔργου ("deed/reality").
  5. §1.69.5ἐπιστάμενοι καὶ τὸν βάρβαρον... περιγεγενημένους — The long sentence structure toward the end is governed by the circumstantial participle ἐπιστάμενοι ("knowing/being aware"). This participle governs two coordinate accusative-and-participle clauses connected by καί: τὸν βάρβαρον... σφαλέντα ("that the barbarian failed") and ἡμᾶς... περιγεγενημένους ("that we survived/prevailed").

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.69.1-1.69.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.69.1-1.69.6

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