Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.70.1-1.70.9

Contrast between Athenian and Spartan Characters

Passage 70 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Corinthians contrast the sluggishness of the Lacedaemonians with the active and restless national character of the Athenians, concluding that they are born neither to remain quiet themselves nor to allow others to do so.

§1.70.1‘καὶ ἅμα, εἴπερ τινὲς καὶ ἄλλοι, ἄξιοι νομίζομεν εἶναι τοῖς πέλας ψόγον ἐπενεγκεῖν, ἄλλως τε καὶ μεγάλων τῶν διαφερόντων καθεστώτων, περὶ ὧν οὐκ αἰσθάνεσθαι ἡμῖν γε δοκεῖτε, οὐδ’ ἐκλογίσασθαι πώποτε πρὸς οἵους ὑμῖν Ἀθηναίους ὄντας καὶ ὅσον ὑμῶν καὶ ὡς πᾶν διαφέροντας ὁ ἀγὼν ἔσται.
'And at the same time, if indeed any others are, we deem ourselves worthy to bring censure upon our neighbors, especially since great interests are at stake, of which you seem to us not to be aware, nor to have ever calculated against what kind of men, namely Athenians, and how far different from you, indeed totally different in every way, your struggle will be.
§1.70.2οἱ μέν γε νεωτεροποιοὶ καὶ ἐπινοῆσαι ὀξεῖς καὶ ἐπιτελέσαι ἔργῳ ἃ ἂν γνῶσιν· ὑμεῖς δὲ τὰ ὑπάρχοντά τε σῴζειν καὶ ἐπιγνῶναι μηδὲν καὶ ἔργῳ οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι.
For they are innovators, both quick to conceive and to accomplish in deed what they resolve; while you are for preserving what you have, and inventing nothing new, and in action not even attaining what is necessary.
§1.70.3αὖθις δὲ οἱ μὲν καὶ παρὰ δύναμιν τολμηταὶ καὶ παρὰ γνώμην κινδυνευταὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς δεινοῖς εὐέλπιδες· τὸ δὲ ὑμέτερον τῆς τε δυνάμεως ἐνδεᾶ πρᾶξαι τῆς τε γνώμης μηδὲ τοῖς βεβαίοις πιστεῦσαι τῶν τε δεινῶν μηδέποτε οἴεσθαι ἀπολυθήσεσθαι.
Again, they are adventurous beyond their power, daring beyond their judgment, and sanguine in danger; but your way is to act below your power, to trust not even your securest conclusions, and to think that you will never be delivered from dangers.
§1.70.4καὶ μὴν καὶ ἄοκνοι πρὸς ὑμᾶς μελλητὰς καὶ ἀποδημηταὶ πρὸς ἐνδημοτάτους· οἴονται γὰρ οἱ μὲν τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ ἄν τι κτᾶσθαι, ὑμεῖς δὲ τῷ ἐπελθεῖν καὶ τὰ ἑτοῖμα ἂν βλάψαι.
Furthermore, they are unhesitating against you who are procrastinators, and fond of going abroad against you who are of all men most home-keeping; for they think that by their absence they may acquire something, while you think that by advancing you might damage even what is already prepared.
§1.70.5κρατοῦντές τε τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐξέρχονται καὶ νικώμενοι ἐπ’ ἐλάχιστον ἀναπίπτουσιν.
And when they conquer their enemies, they advance to the furthest; and when they are defeated, they fall back the least.
§1.70.6ἔτι δὲ τοῖς μὲν σώμασιν ἀλλοτριωτάτοις ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως χρῶνται, τῇ δὲ γνώμῃ οἰκειοτάτῃ ἐς τὸ πράσσειν τι ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς.
And they use their bodies as the most alien things on behalf of their city, but their mind as most truly their own for doing anything on its behalf.
§1.70.7καὶ ἃ μὲν ἂν ἐπινοήσαντες μὴ ἐπεξέλθωσιν, οἰκείων στέρεσθαι ἡγοῦνται, ἃ δ’ ἂν ἐπελθόντες κτήσωνται, ὀλίγα πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα τυχεῖν πράξαντες.
And what they have conceived but fail to carry out, they consider as being deprived of their own property; but what they have acquired by going after it, they count as little compared to what they are to achieve in the future.
ἢν δ’ ἄρα του καὶ πείρᾳ σφαλῶσιν, ἀντελπίσαντες ἄλλα ἐπλήρωσαν τὴν χρείαν· μόνοι γὰρ ἔχουσί τε ὁμοίως καὶ ἐλπίζουσιν ἃ ἂν ἐπινοήσωσι διὰ τὸ ταχεῖαν τὴν ἐπιχείρησιν ποιεῖσθαι ὧν ἂν γνῶσιν.
And if they fail in any attempt, they make up the deficiency by hoping for other things; for they alone possess and hope for what they conceive in equal measure, because of the swiftness with which they attempt what they have resolved.
§1.70.8καὶ ταῦτα μετὰ πόνων πάντα καὶ κινδύνων δι’ ὅλου τοῦ αἰῶνος μοχθοῦσι, καὶ ἀπολαύουσιν ἐλάχιστα τῶν ὑπαρχόντων διὰ τὸ αἰεὶ κτᾶσθαι καὶ μήτε ἑορτὴν ἄλλο τι ἡγεῖσθαι ἢ τὸ τὰ δέοντα πρᾶξαι ξυμφοράν τε οὐχ ἧσσον ἡσυχίαν ἀπράγμονα ἢ ἀσχολίαν ἐπίπονον·
And in this way they toil with labors and dangers through all their life, and enjoy least of what they have because they are always acquiring, and because they consider no other thing a holiday than to do what is required, and inactive quiet no less a calamity than laborious occupation.
§1.70.9ὥστε εἴ τις αὐτοὺς ξυνελὼν φαίη πεφυκέναι ἐπὶ τῷ μήτε αὐτοὺς ἔχειν ἡσυχίαν μήτε τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους ἐᾶν, ὀρθῶς ἂν εἴποι.
So that if one should sum them up and say that they are born neither to have quiet themselves nor to allow it to the rest of mankind, he would speak correctly.'

Notes

  1. 1.70.1μεγάλων τῶν διαφερόντων καθεστώτων — A genitive absolute construction where the substantivized participle τῶν διαφερόντων ('differences,' 'matters at stake') acts as the subject, and μεγάλων acts as its predicate modifier, meaning 'since great interests/differences are at stake.'
  2. 1.70.2ὑμεῖς δὲ τὰ ὑπάρχοντά τε σῴζειν — In the second half of the contrast, while the first half has the adjective ὀξεῖς, the infinitives here (σῴζειν, ἐπιγνῶναι, ἐξικέσθαι) are used with the nominative subject ὑμεῖς without a main verb. This functions as an infinitive of characteristic or inclination, implying 'your way is to preserve...'
  3. 1.70.4τὰ ἑτοῖμα ἂν βλάψαι — The particle ἄν goes with the infinitive βλάψαι, representing a potential optative (or an indicative past with ἄν) in indirect discourse, expressing potentiality: 'you might damage even what is already prepared.'
  4. 1.70.7ὀλίγα πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα τυχεῖν πράξαντες — The infinitive τυχεῖν ('to obtain') depends on the substantivized future participle τὰ μέλλοντα ('things to come'), creating the sense of 'compared to the future things they are destined to obtain.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.70.1-1.70.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.70.1-1.70.9

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