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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §1.40.1-1.40.6

Corinthian Warning against Athens Receiving Corcyra

Passage 40 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Corinthian envoys argue against Athens receiving the Corcyraeans under the pretext of treaty terms, warning that accepting revolting states will bring war and disadvantage to Athens itself.

§1.40.1‘ὡς μὲν οὖν αὐτοί τε μετὰ προσηκόντων ἐγκλημάτων ἐρχόμεθα καὶ οἵδε βίαιοι καὶ πλεονέκται εἰσὶ δεδήλωται· ὡς δὲ οὐκ ἂν δικαίως αὐτοὺς δέχοισθε μαθεῖν χρή.
'Thus it has been shown that we ourselves come with just grievances, and that these men are violent and rapacious; but you must now learn that you cannot justly receive them.
§1.40.2εἰ γὰρ εἴρηται ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς ἐξεῖναι παρ’ ὁποτέρους τις βούλεται τῶν ἀγράφων πόλεων ἐλθεῖν, οὐ τοῖς ἐπὶ βλάβῃ ἑτέρων ἰοῦσιν ἡ ξυνθήκη ἐστίν, ἀλλ’ ὅστις μὴ ἄλλου ἑαυτὸν ἀποστερῶν ἀσφαλείας δεῖται καὶ ὅστις μὴ τοῖς δεξαμένοις, εἰ σωφρονοῦσι, πόλεμον ἀντ’ εἰρήνης ποιήσει· ὃ νῦν ὑμεῖς μὴ πειθόμενοι ἡμῖν πάθοιτε ἄν.
For if it is stated in the treaty that any of the unwritten cities is allowed to go to whichever side it wishes, this agreement is not for those who go to the injury of others, but for anyone who, without withdrawing himself from another, stands in need of safety, and who will not bring war instead of peace to those who receive him (if they are wise)—which is just what you might experience now if you do not listen to us.
§1.40.3οὐ γὰρ τοῖσδε μόνον ἐπίκουροι ἂν γένοισθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμῖν ἀντὶ ἐνσπόνδων πολέμιοι· ἀνάγκη γάρ, εἰ ἴτε μετ’ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἀμύνεσθαι μὴ ἄνευ ὑμῶν τούτους.
For you would not only become helpers to these men, but also enemies to us instead of treaty-partners; since it is necessary, if you go with them, for us to defend ourselves against them not without you.
§1.40.4καίτοι δίκαιοί γ’ ἐστὲ μάλιστα μὲν ἐκποδὼν στῆναι ἀμφοτέροις, εἰ δὲ μή, τοὐναντίον ἐπὶ τούτους μεθ’ ἡμῶν ἰέναι (Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε, Κερκυραίοις δὲ οὐδὲ δι’ ἀνοκωχῆς πώποτ’ ἐγένεσθε), καὶ τὸν νόμον μὴ καθιστάναι ὥστε τοὺς ἑτέρων ἀφισταμένους δέχεσθαι.
And yet, you have the greatest right, preferably to stand out of the way of both, or if not, on the contrary, to go with us against these men (since you are indeed in treaty with the Corinthians, but with the Corcyraeans you have never been even in a truce), and not to establish the custom of receiving those who revolt from others.
§1.40.5οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡμεῖς Σαμίων ἀποστάντων ψῆφον προσεθέμεθα ἐναντίαν ὑμῖν, τῶν ἄλλων Πελοποννησίων δίχα ἐψηφισμένων εἰ χρὴ αὐτοῖς ἀμύνειν, φανερῶς δὲ ἀντείπομεν τοὺς προσήκοντας ξυμμάχους αὐτόν τινα κολάζειν.
For neither did we cast our vote against you when the Samians revolted, while the other Peloponnesians were divided in their voting as to whether they should assist them; on the contrary, we openly spoke against it, declaring that everyone should himself chastise his own allies.
§1.40.6εἰ γὰρ τοὺς κακόν τι δρῶντας δεχόμενοι τιμωρήσετε, φανεῖται καὶ ἃ τῶν ὑμετέρων οὐκ ἐλάσσω ἡμῖν πρόσεισι, καὶ τὸν νόμον ἐφ’ ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς μᾶλλον ἢ ἐφ’ ἡμῖν θήσετε.
For if you receive and protect those who do evil, it will be clear that not fewer of your own subjects will come over to us, and you will establish the law against yourselves rather than against us.'

Notes

  1. 1.40.2ὅστις μὴ ἄλλου ἑαυτὸν ἀποστερῶν — The genitive `ἄλλου` is a genitive of separation dependent on the participle `ἀποστερῶν` (from `ἀποστερέω`, 'to deprive/withdraw'). It means 'without withdrawing oneself from another,' referring to not unilaterally breaking off existing obligations or ties with a ruling power or ally.
  2. 1.40.3ἀμύνεσθαι μὴ ἄνευ ὑμῶν τούτους — The subject of the infinitive `ἀμύνεσθαι` is the omitted accusative `ἡμᾶς` ('we', i.e., the Corinthians), and `τούτους` is its object. The phrase means 'for us to defend ourselves against them not without you,' meaning that if Athens allies with Corcyra, Corinth will be forced to fight Athens as well while repelling Corcyra.
  3. 1.40.4δίκαιοί γ’ ἐστὲ — This is the personal construction of `δίκαιός εἰμι` with an infinitive, equivalent in meaning to the impersonal `δίκαιόν ἐστιν ὑμᾶς...` ('it is just for you to...'), but with the adjective in the nominative agreeing with the subject of the finite verb (you).
  4. 1.40.6ἃ τῶν ὑμετέρων οὐκ ἐλάσσω ἡμῖν πρόσεισι — The subject `ἃ` (neuter plural relative pronoun) depends on the partitive genitive `τῶν ὑμετέρων` ('your subjects/allies'). The verb `πρόσεισι` (from `πρόσειμι`, 'to come over/join') is in the third-person singular, agreeing with the neuter plural subject. The clause means 'not fewer of your own subjects will come over to us.'

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §1.40.1-1.40.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.40.1-1.40.6

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