Humanitext Reader

Cyprian of Carthage · Exhortation to Martyrdom §11#1

Foretelling of Persecution and the Sufferings of the Righteous

Passage 8 of 12 · Latin

Summary

In Chapter 11, the author explains that the persecutions and tribulations faced by Christians are not new but were predicted from the beginning of the world, citing Christ's eschatological discourse and historical examples of righteous figures who suffered under the unjust.

§11#1ANTE PRAEDICTVM ESSE QVOD NOS MVNDVS ODIO HABITVRVS ESSET ET QVOD PERSECVTIONES ADVERSVM NOS EXCITARET ET QVOD NIHIL NOVVM CHRISTIANIS ACCIDAT, QVANDO AB INITIO MVNDI BONI LABORAVERINT ET OPPRESSI ADQVE OCCISI SINT IVSTI AB INIVSTIS. Dominus in euangelio praemonet et praenuntiat dicens: si mundus uos odit, scitote quoniam me primo odit.
THAT IT WAS PREDICTED BEFOREHAND THAT THE WORLD WOULD HATE US AND THAT IT WOULD STIR UP PERSECUTIONS AGAINST US, AND THAT NOTHING NEW HAPPENS TO CHRISTIANS, SINCE FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE WORLD THE GOOD HAVE LABORED AND THE JUST HAVE BEEN OPPRESSED AND KILLED BY THE UNJUST. The Lord in the Gospel forewarns and foretells, saying: "If the world hates you, know that it hated me first.
si de mundo essetis, mundus quod suum esset amaret: sed quia de mundo non estis et ego elegi uos de mundo, propterea odit uos mundus.
If you were of the world, the world would love what is its own; but because you are not of the world, and I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hates you.
mementote sermonem quem dixi uobis: cnon est seruus maior domino suo. \' si me persecuti sunt, et uos persequentur.
Remember the word that I said to you: 'A servant is not greater than his master.' If they persecuted me, they will also persecute you.
et iterum: ueniet hora, ut omnis qui uos occiderit putet se officium Deo facere: sed hoc facient, quoniam non cognouerunt patrem neque me.
And again: 'The hour will come that everyone who kills you will think he is offering a service to God; but they will do this because they have not known the Father nor me.
haec autem locutus sum uobis, ut cum uenerit hora eorum memores sitis, quia ego dixi uobis. et iterum: amen amen dico uobis quoniam uos plorabitis et plangetis, saeculum autem gaudebit: uos tristes eritis, sed tristitia uestra in laetitiam ueniet. et iterum: haec locutus sum uobis, ut in me pacem habeatis, in saeculo autem pressuram: sed fidite quoniam ego uici mundum. et cum a discipulis suis interrogaretur de signo aduentus sui et consummationis mundi, respondit et dixit: cauete ne qui uos fallat.
But these things I have spoken to you, so that when their hour comes, you may remember that I told you of them.' And again: 'Truly, truly, I say to you, that you will weep and lament, but the world will rejoice; you will be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy.' And again: 'These things I have spoken to you, so that in me you may have peace; but in the world you shall have tribulation; but have confidence, because I have overcome the world.' And when He was asked by His disciples about the sign of His coming and of the end of the world, He answered and said: 'Take heed that no one deceive you.
multi enim uenient in nomine meo dicentes cego sum Christus\' et multos fallent.
For many will come in my name, saying, "I am Christ," and will deceive many.
incipietis autem audire bella et auditus bellorum.
And you will begin to hear of wars and rumors of wars.
uidete, nolite tumultuari: oportet enim fieri: sed nondum est finis.
See that you are not troubled; for these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet.
exurget autem gens super gentem et regnum super regnum, et erunt fames et terrae motus et pestilentiae per singula loca.
For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom, and there shall be famines and earthquakes and pestilences in various places.
omnia autem ista initia parturitionum sunt.
But all these are the beginnings of sorrows.
tunc tradent uos in pressuram et interficient uos, et eritis odibiles omnibus gentibus propter nomen meum.
Then they will deliver you up to tribulation and kill you, and you will be hated by all nations for my name's sake.
et tunc scandalizabuntur multi et inuicem tradent et odient inuicem.
And then many will fall away, and will betray one another, and hate one another.
et multi pseudoprophetae exurgent et seducent multos, et eo quod facinus abundet refrigescet caritas multorum.
And many false prophets will rise and deceive many, and because wickedness abounds, the love of many will grow cold.
qui autem tolerauerit usque ad finem hic saluus erit.
But he who endures to the end will be saved.
et praedicabitur euangelium istud regni per totum orbem terrae in testimonium omnibus gentibus, et tunc ueniet finis.
And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world for a witness to all nations, and then the end will come.
cum ergo uideritis abominationem uastationis quae dicta est per Danielem prophetam stantem in loco sancto–qui legit intellegat – tunc qui in Iudaea sunt fugiant in montes, et qui in tecto est non descendat tollere quicquam de domo, et qui in agro est non conuertatur retro auferre\'uestimentum suum.
When therefore you see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place—let him who reads understand—then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, and let him who is on the housetop not come down to take anything out of his house, and let him who is in the field not turn back to take his garment.
uae autem praegnantibus et nutricantibus in illis diebus.
But woe to those who are pregnant and to those who nurse infants in those days.
adorate ne fiat fuga uestra hieme neque sabbato.
Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on the sabbath.
erit enim tunc pressura magna qualis non est facta ab initio mundi usque nunc, sed neque fiet: et nisi breuiati fuissent dies illi, non liberaretur omnis caro: propter electos autem breuiabuntur illi dies.
For there shall be then great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of the world until now, nor ever shall be; and unless those days had been shortened, no flesh would be saved; but for the elect's sake those days shall be shortened.
tunc si qui dixerit uobis Cecce hic Christus\' aut ecce illic*, nolite credere.
Then if anyone says to you, "Behold, here is Christ," or "Behold, there," do not believe it.
surgent enim pseudochristi et pseudoprophetae et dabunt signa magna et portenta ad errorem faciendum, si fieri potest, et electis.
For false Christs and false prophets will rise and show great signs and wonders to lead astray, if possible, even the elect.
uos autem cauete. ecce praedixi uobis omnia.
But take heed; behold, I have foretold you all things.
si ergo dixerint uobis Cecce in solitudine est\\ nolite exire, ecce in cubiculis\\ nolite credere.
If therefore they say to you, "Behold, he is in the desert," do not go out; "Behold, he is in the inner rooms," do not believe it.
sicut enim coruscatio quae exit ab oriente et apparet usque ad occidentem, ita erit et aduentus filii hominis.
For as the lightning comes out of the east and shines even to the west, so also shall the coming of the Son of Man be.
ubi fuerit cadauer, illuc congregabuntur aquilae.
Wherever the carcass is, there the eagles will be gathered together.
continuo autem post pressuram dierum illorum sol tenebricabit et luna non dabit lumen suum et stellae cadent de caelo et uirtutes caelorum commouebuntur.
Immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
et tunc apparebit signum filii hominis in caelo, et lamentabunt se omnes tribus terrae et uidebunt filium hominis uenientem in nubibus caeli cum uirtute magna et claritate.
And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.
et mittet angelos suos cum tuba magna. et colligent electos eius a quattuor uentis, a summis caelorum usque ad summitates eorum.
And He will send His angels with a great trumpet, and they will gather together His elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.
Nec noua aut repentina haec sunt quae nunc accidunt christianis, cum boni semper et iusti Deo innocentiae lege ac uerae religionis timore deuoti per pressuras et iniurias et graues ac multiformes infestantium poenas angusti itineris difficultate gradiantur.
Nor are these things which now happen to Christians new or sudden, since the good and just, devoted to God by the law of innocence and the fear of true religion, always walk through tribulations and injuries and heavy and multiform punishments of their persecutors along the difficulty of the narrow way.
sic in origine statim mundi Abel iustus a fratre primus occiditur et Iacob fugatur et Ioseph uenundatur et Dauid misericordem Saul rex persequitur et Heliam maiestatem Dei constanter ac fortiter adserentem rex Achab opprimere conatur.
Thus immediately in the origin of the world, righteous Abel is first killed by his brother, and Jacob is put to flight, and Joseph is sold, and King Saul persecutes the merciful David, and King Ahab tries to oppress Elijah, who constantly and courageously asserts the majesty of God.
Zacharias sacerdos interficitur in medio templi et altaris, ut illic hostia ipse fiat, ubi Deo hostias immolabat.
Zechariah the priest is killed in the midst of the temple and the altar, so that he himself might become a victim there where he was offering victims to God.
tot denique martyria iustorum saepe celebrata, tot edita in posterum fidei et uirtutis exempla.
Finally, so many martyrdoms of the righteous have been frequently celebrated, so many examples of faith and virtue have been set forth for posterity.
tres pueri, Ananias, Azarias, Misahel, aetate conpares, dilectione concordes, fide stabiles, uirtute constantes, flammis ac poenis urguentibus fortiores soli se Deo seruire, solum nosse, solum colere proclamant dicentes:
The three youths, Ananias, Azarias, Misahel, equal in age, harmonious in love, stable in faith, constant in virtue, stronger than the pressing flames and punishments, cry out that they serve God alone, know Him alone, worship Him alone, saying:"

Notes

  1. ¦15¦primo — The adverb `primo` here means "first" or "at first," but reflecting the Greek original of John 15:18 (ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν), it carries the comparative meaning of "before you" or "prior to you."
  2. ¦25¦ueniet hora, ut omnis qui uos occiderit putet — The `ut` clause (`ut... putet`) following the verb `ueniet` functions as a noun clause (either appositive or consecutive), explaining what kind of hour is coming ("an hour such that everyone who kills you will think..."). Classical Latin normatively uses a `cum` clause or a relative clause here.
  3. ¦p.336¦adorate — Although the manuscript reads `adorate` ("worship" or "adore"), the context of the Gospel quotation (Matthew 24:20) and the following subjunctive of purpose (`ne fiat`) indicate that it is a variant or spelling corruption of `orate` ("pray"). It is translated here as "pray."
  4. ¦p.337¦cum boni semper et iusti Deo innocentiae lege ac uerae religionis timore deuoti per pressuras et iniurias et graues ac multiformes infestantium poenas angusti itineris difficultate gradiantur — A long and complex `cum` clause (concessive or causal). The subject is `boni... et iusti`, modified by the participle `deuoti` ("devoted"). The syntactic core of the clause is `cum boni... deuoti... gradiantur` ("since/when the good... devoted... walk"), between which are inserted multiple adverbial phrases indicating means (`innocentiae lege...`), path/circumstance (`per pressuras...`), and manner (`angusti itineris difficultate`).

Cite this passage

Cyprian of Carthage, Exhortation to Martyrdom §11#1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0104a.stoa005.humanitext-lat1:11%231

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.