Humanitext Reader

Cyprian of Carthage · Exhortation to Martyrdom §1-3

Prohibition of Idols, Worship of God, and Divine Wrath

Passage 3 of 12 · Latin

Summary

This chunk contains Chapters 1 to 3, citing biblical scriptures to demonstrate that idols and elements are not to be worshipped, that God alone must be adored, and that severe divine wrath and punishment await those who sacrifice to idols.

§1QVOD IDOLA DII NON SINT ET QVOD NEC ELEMENTA VICE DEORVM COLENDA SINT. In psalmo CXXXIIII: idola gentium argentum et aurum, opus manuum hominum.
IDOLS ARE NOT GODS AND THAT NEITHER THE ELEMENTS ARE TO BE WORSHIPPED INSTEAD OF GODS. In the hundred and thirty-fourth Psalm: The idols of the nations are silver and gold, the work of men's hands.
os habent et non locuntur, oculos habent et non uident, aures habent et non audiunt: neque enim est spiritus in ore eorum.
They have a mouth and speak not, they have eyes and see not, they have ears and hear not; for neither is there any breath in their mouth.
similes sint illis omnes qui faciunt ea.
Let all those who make them become like them.
item in Sapientia Salomonis: omnia idola nationum aestimauerunt deos, quibus neque oculorum uisus est ad uidendum neque nares ad percipiendum spiritum neque aures ad audiendum nec digiti in manibus ad tractandum, sed et pedes eorum pigri ad ambulandum.
Likewise in the Wisdom of Solomon: They esteemed all the idols of the nations as gods, which have neither the sight of eyes for seeing, nor nostrils to draw breath, nor ears for hearing, nor fingers on hands for handling, but even their feet are slow to walk.
homo enim fecit illos et qui spiritum mutuatus est is finxit illos.
For a man made them, and he who borrowed his breath fashioned them.
nemo autem sibi similem homo poterit deum fingere: cum sit enim mortalis, mortuum fingit manibus iniquis.
But no man will be able to fashion a god like unto himself; for since he himself is mortal, he fashions a dead thing with wicked hands.
melior est autem ipse his quos colit, quoniam ipse quidem uixit, illi numquam.
But he himself is better than those whom he worships, since he indeed has lived, but they never.
item in Exodo: non facies tibi idolum nec cuiusquam similitudinem.
Likewise in Exodus: Thou shalt not make to thyself an idol, nor the likeness of anything.
item aput Salomonem [de elementis]: neque opera adtendentes agnouerunt quis esset artifex, sed aut ignem aut spiritum aut citatum aerem aut gyrum stellarum aut nimiam aquam aut solem aut lunam deos putauerunt: quorum si propter speciem hoc aestimauerunt, sciant quanto his Dominus sit speciosior: aut si uirtutes et opera eorum mirati sunt, intellegant ab ipsis quoniam qui haec constituit fortia fortior est illis.
Likewise in Solomon [concerning the elements]: Neither by attending to the works did they acknowledge who was the artisan, but they thought either fire, or wind, or the swift air, or the circle of the stars, or the violent water, or the sun, or the moon, to be gods. If they esteemed these as such because of their beauty, let them know how much more beautiful than these is the Lord; or if they admired their powers and works, let them understand from them that He who established these is mightier and stronger than they.
§2QVOD DEVS SOLVS COLENDVS SIT. Sicut scriptum est: Dominum Deum tuum adorabis et illi soli seruies.
GOD ALONE IS TO BE WORSHIPPED. As it is written: Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve.
item in Deuteronomio: non erunt tibi dii alii absque me.
Likewise in Deuteronomy: Thou shalt have no other gods beside Me.
item illic: uidetc, uidete quoniam ego sum, et non est Deus praeter me.
Likewise there: See, see that I am, and there is no God besides Me.
ego interimam et uiuere faciam, percutiam et ego sanabo, et non est qui eripiat de manibus meis.
I will kill and I will make to live, I will strike and I will heal, and there is none who can rescue out of My hands.
item in Apocalypsi: et uidi alium angelum uolantem medio caelo, habentem euangelium aeternum, ut adnuntiaret super terram per omnes nationes et tribus et linguas et populos, dicentem uoce magna: metuite potius Deum et date illi claritatem, quoniam uenit hora iudicii eius, et adorate eum qui fecit caelum et terram et mare et omnia quae in eis sunt.
Likewise in the Apocalypse: And I saw another angel flying through the midst of heaven, having an eternal gospel, that he might announce it upon the earth through all nations, and tribes, and tongues, and peoples, saying with a loud voice: Fear God rather, and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment is come, and worship Him who made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all things that are in them.
sic et Dominus in euangelio commemorationem facit primi et secundi praecepti dicens: audi Israel, Dominus Deus tuus Dominus unus est, et: diliges Dominum Deum tuum de toto corde tuo et de tota anima tua et de tota uirtute tua.
So also the Lord in the Gospel makes mention of the first and second commandment, saying: Hear, O Israel; The Lord thy God is one Lord, and: Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength.
hoc primum et secundum simile huic: diliges proximum tuum tamquam te.
This is the first, and the second is like unto it: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.
in his duobus praeceptis tota lex pendet et prophetae.
On these two commandments hangeth the whole law and the prophets.
et iterum: haec est autem uita aeterna ut cognoscant te solum et uerum Deum et quem misisti Iesum Christum.
And again: And this is life eternal, that they might know Thee, the only and true God, and Jesus Christ whom Thou hast sent.
§3QVAE COMMINATIO DEI SIT ADVERSVS EOS QVI IDOLIS SACRIFICANT. In Exodo: sacrificans diis eradicabitur, nisi Domino soli.
IS THE THREAT OF GOD AGAINST THOSE WHO SACRIFICE TO IDOLS. In Exodus: He that sacrificeth to gods shall be utterly destroyed, save unto the Lord only.
item in Deuteronomio: sacrificauerunt daemoniiset non Deo.
Likewise in Deuteronomy: They sacrificed to demons and not to God.
item aput Esaiam: adorauerunteos quos fecerunt digiti eorum, et curuatus est homo et humiliatus est uir, et non laxabo illis.
Likewise in Isaiah: They worshipped those things which their fingers made, and man bowed down, and the great man humbled himself, and I will not forgive them.
et iterum: illis fudistis libamina et illis inposuistis sacrificia.
And again: To them have ye poured libations and to them have ye offered sacrifices.
super haec non indignabor? dicit Dominus.
Shall I not be indignant over these things? saith the Lord.
item aput Hieremiam: nolite ambulare post deos alienos ut seruiatis eis, et ne adoraueritis eos et ne incitetis me in operibus manuum uestrarum ad disperdendos uos.
Likewise in Jeremiah: Go not after strange gods to serve them, and worship them not, and provoke Me not with the works of your hands to destroy you.
item in Apocalypsi: si quis adorat bestiam et imaginem eius et accipit notam in fronte sua et in manu, bibet et ipse de uino irae Deimixto in poculo irae eius et punietur igne et sulphure sub oculis sanctorum angelorum et sub oculis agni.
Likewise in the Apocalypse: If anyone worships the beast and his image, and receives a mark on his forehead or on his hand, he also shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, mixed in the cup of His wrath; and he shall be punished with fire and brimstone under the eyes of the holy angels, and under the eyes of the Lamb.
et fumus de tormentis eorum in saecula saeculorum ascendet: nec habebunt requiem die et nocte quicumque adorant bestiam et imaginem eius.
And the smoke of their torments shall ascend forever and ever; nor shall they have rest day and night, whoever worship the beast and his image.

Notes

  1. §1mortuum fingit manibus iniquis. melior est autem ipse his quos colit, quoniam ipse quidem uixit, illi numquam. — A contrast between the subjective ipse (the human creator) and the dative demonstrative his (the idols), which serves as the antecedent of quos. This emphasizes the irony of a mortal human fashioning a 'dead thing'. In the subsequent quoniam clause, the perfect verb uixit (lived) applied to the human is contrasted with illi numquam (they never [lived]), where the verb uixerunt is omitted, highlighting the difference in their states of existence.
  2. §1quorum si propter speciem hoc aestimauerunt, sciant quanto his Dominus sit speciosior — A citation from the Wisdom of Solomon (13:3). The genitive relative pronoun quorum (of which elements) limits speciem (beauty). The main verb sciant is a third-person plural present subjunctive expressing a jussive or hortatory force ('let them know'). quanto is an ablative of degree of difference modifying the comparative speciosior. The verb sit is in the present subjunctive because it is part of an indirect question introduced by quanto.
  3. §3curuatus est homo et humiliatus est uir, et non laxabo illis. — A citation from Isaiah (2:9). curuatus est and humiliatus est are perfect passive indicatives, objectively describing the fact of humanity's degradation through idolatry. In the subsequent non laxabo illis, the verb laxare (to loosen, forgive) governs the dative, making the indirect object illis mean 'I will not grant pardon to them' or 'I will not forgive them.'

Cite this passage

Cyprian of Carthage, Exhortation to Martyrdom §1-3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0104a.stoa005.humanitext-lat1:1-3

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