[PAULUS libro uicensimo secundo ad edictum. ] §9.2.30.prQui occidit adulterum deprehensum seruum alienum, hac lege non tenebitur.
[PAULUS libro uicensimo secundo ad edictum.] He who kills another's slave caught in adultery will not be held liable under this law.
§9.2.30.1Pignori datus seruus si occisus sit, debitori actio competit.
If a slave given in pledge is killed, an action is available to the debtor.
sed an et creditori danda sit utilis, quia potest interesse eius, quod debitor soluendo non sit aut quod litem tempore amisit, quaeritur.
But it is asked whether an analogous action should also be granted to the creditor, because it can be of interest to him, either because the debtor is insolvent or because the debtor has lost his action through the passage of time.
sed hic iniquum est et domino et creditori eum teneri.
But here it is unfair for him to be held liable to both the owner and the creditor; unless one should think that the debtor will suffer no injustice in this matter, since it benefits him up to the amount of the debt, and he will recover whatever is in excess of it from the creditor, or that from the very beginning an action should be granted to the debtor only for that which is in excess of the debt.
nisi si quis putauerit nullam in ea re debitorem iniuriam passurum, cum prosit ei ad debiti quantitatem et quod sit amplius consecuturus sit ab eo, uel ab initio in id, quod amplius sit quam in debito, debitori dandam actionem: et ideo in his casibus, in quibus creditori danda est actio propter inopiam debitoris uel quod litem amisit, creditor quidem usque ad modum debiti habebit Aquiliae actionem, ut prosit hoc debitori, ipsi autem debitori in id quod debitum excedit competit Aquiliae actio.
And therefore, in those cases in which an action must be granted to the creditor because of the insolvency of the debtor or because the debtor has lost his action, the creditor indeed will have the Aquilian action up to the amount of the debt, so that this may benefit the debtor, while the Aquilian action is available to the debtor himself for that which exceeds the debt.
§9.2.30.2Si quis alienum uinum uel frumentum consumpserit, non uidetur damnum iniuria dare ideoque utilis danda est actio.
If anyone consumes another's wine or grain, he is not deemed to cause damage unlawfully, and therefore an analogous action must be granted.
§9.2.30.3In hac quoque actione, quae ex hoc capitulo oritur, dolus et culpa punitur: ideoque si quis in stipulam suam uel spinam comburendae eius causa ignem immiserit et ulterius euagatus et progressus ignis alienam segetem uel uineam laeserit, requiramus, num imperitia eius aut neglegentia id accidit.
In this action also, which arises from this chapter, intent and fault are punished; and therefore, if anyone sets fire to his own stubble or thorns for the purpose of burning them, and the fire, spreading and progressing further, damages another's crops or vineyard, we should inquire whether it happened through his lack of skill or negligence.
nam si die uentoso id fecit, culpae reus est (nam et qui occasionem praestat, damnum fecisse uidetur): in eodem crimine est et qui non obseruauit, ne ignis longius procederet.
For if he did it on a windy day, he is guilty of fault (for even he who provides the opportunity is deemed to have caused the damage); and he also is in the same guilt who did not watch to prevent the fire from spreading further.
§9.2.30.4At si omnia quae oportuit obseruauit uel subita uis uenti longius ignem produxit, caret culpa.
But if he observed everything that he ought to have, or if a sudden gust of wind carried the fire further, he is free from fault.
Si uulneratus fuerit seruus non mortifere, neglegentia autem perierit, de uulnerato actio erit, non de occiso.
If a slave is wounded, though not mortally, and dies through negligence, the action will be for wounding, not for killing.