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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §7.9.9.pr-7.9.9.4

Parties Bound to Give Security in Trusts and Other Cases

Passage 1345 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian and Pomponius discuss who must provide security for a usufruct involving a testamentary trust (fideicommissum), legal or praetorian protection, ownership bequeathed from a certain day, and the usufruct of garments.

[ULPIANUS libro quinquagensimo primo ad edictum. ] §7.9.9.prSi usus fructus mihi legatus sit eumque restituere sim Titio rogatus, uidendum est, quis debeat cauere, utrum Titius an ego qui legatarius sum: an illud dicimus mecum heredem acturum, cum fideicommissario me agere debere? et est expeditius hoc dicere: si mihi spes aliqua durat usus fructus et, cum tu amiseris, potest ad me reccidere, hoc est ad legatarium, ita rem expediri, ut tu mihi, ego domino proprietatis caueam.
[ULPIANUS in the fifty-first book on the Edict.] a usufruct is bequeathed to me and I am requested to restore it to Titius, we must consider who ought to give security, whether Titius or I, who am the legatee; or should we say that the heir will sue me, and that I must sue the beneficiary of the trust? And it is more convenient to say this: if some hope of the usufruct remains to me and, when you lose it, it can fall back to me, that is, to the legatee, the matter is settled in such a way that you give security to me, and I give security to the owner of the property.
quod si fideicommissarii causa usus fructus mihi relictus est nec est ulla spes ad me reuertendi fructus, recta uia fideicommissarium cauere oportet domino proprietatis. §7.9.9.1Illud sciendum est siue iure ipso quis usum fructum habet siue etiam per tuitionem praetoris, nihilo minus cogendum esse fructuarium cauere aut actiones suscipere. §7.9.9.2Plane si ex die proprietas alicui legata sit, usus fructus pure, dicendum esse Pomponius ait remittendam esse hanc cautionem fructuario, quia certum sit ad eum proprietatem uel ad heredem eius peruenturam. §7.9.9.3Si uestis usus fructus legatus sit, scripsit Pomponius, quamquam heres stipulatus sit finito usu fructu uestem reddi, attamen non obligari promissorem, si eam sine dolo malo adtritam reddiderit. §7.9.9.4Si plures domini sint proprietatis, unusquisque pro sua parte stipulabitur.
But if the usufruct was left to me for the sake of the beneficiary of the trust and there is no hope of the fruit returning to me, the beneficiary of the trust ought to give security directly to the owner of the property. must be known that whether someone has a usufruct by the law itself or also through the protection of the praetor, they must nevertheless be compelled to give security or to undertake actions., if the property is bequeathed to someone from a certain day, and the usufruct unconditionally, Pomponius says that it must be held that this security should be remitted to the usufructuary, because it is certain that the property will come to him or to his heir. the usufruct of a garment is bequeathed, Pomponius wrote that, although the heir has stipulated that the garment be restored when the usufruct is ended, nevertheless the promisor is not bound if he restores it worn out without malice. there are several owners of the property, each one shall stipulate for his own share.

Notes

  1. §7.9.9.pran illud dicimus mecum heredem acturum, cum fideicommissario me agere debere? — An accusative with infinitive construction indicating indirect legal claims. acturum is a future active infinitive with esse omitted, whose subject is heredem. me debere is coordinate with it. mecum heredem acturum [esse] means 'the heir will sue me,' and cum fideicommissario me agere debere means 'I must sue the beneficiary of the trust.'
  2. §7.9.9.2ex die proprietas alicui legata sit, usus fructus pure — Refers to a case where 'the property is bequeathed from a certain day, and the usufruct unconditionally.' legatus sit is omitted after pure. Since the ownership is destined to be transferred at a future date, the usufruct will eventually merge with the ownership in the same person, which justifies the remission of the security.
  3. §7.9.9.2ad eum proprietatem uel ad heredem eius peruenturam — Contextually, eum and eius refer to the usufructuary (fructuarius), who is also the legatee of the conditional ownership. This is an accusative with infinitive clause depending on certum sit, where peruenturam is a future active participle feminine singular (agreeing with proprietatem) with esse omitted.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §7.9.9.pr-7.9.9.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:7.9.9.pr-7.9.9.4

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