[ULPIANUS libro septimo decimo ad Sabinum. ] §7.8.14.prPer seruum usuarium si stipuler uel per traditionem accipiam, an adquiram, quaeritur, si ex re mea uel ex operis eius.
[ULPIANUS libro septimo decimo ad Sabinum.] If I stipulate or receive by delivery through a slave subject to a use, it is asked whether I acquire, if it is from my own property or from his labor.
et si quidem ex operis eius, non ualebit, quoniam nec locare operas eius possumus: sed si ex re mea, dicimus seruum usuarium stipulantem uel per traditionem accipientem mihi adquirere, cum hac opera eius utar.
And if indeed it is from his labor, it will not be valid, because we cannot even lease his labor; but if it is from my property, we say that the slave subject to a use stipulating or receiving by delivery acquires for me, since I use this labor of his.
§7.8.14.1Usus fructus an fructus legetur, nihil interest, nam fructui et usus inest, usui fructus deest: et fructus quidem sine usu esse non potest, usus sine fructu potest.
Whether a usufruct or a fructus is bequeathed makes no difference, for use is also inherent in fructus, but fructus is lacking in use; and indeed, fructus cannot exist without use, but use can exist without fructus.
denique si tibi fructus deducto usu legatus sit, inutile esse legatum Pomponius libro quinto ad Sabinum scribit: et si forte usu fructu legato fructus adimatur, totum uideri ademptum scribit: sed si fructus sine usu, usum uideri constitutum, qui et ab initio constitui potest.
Finally, if fructus is bequeathed to you with use deducted, Pomponius writes in the fifth book on Sabinus that the bequest is useless; and if by chance, after a usufruct has been bequeathed, the fructus is revoked, he writes that the whole is deemed to be revoked; but if fructus without use is bequeathed, a use is deemed to be established, which indeed can also be established from the beginning.
sed si usu fructu legato usus adimatur, Aristo scribit nullam esse ademptionem: quae sententia benignior est.
But if, after a usufruct has been bequeathed, the use is revoked, Aristo writes that there is no revocation; which opinion is more favorable.
§7.8.14.2Usu legato si eidem fructus legetur, Pomponius ait confundi eum cum usu.
If, after a use has been bequeathed, fructus is bequeathed to the same person, Pomponius says that it is merged with the use.
idem ait et si tibi usus, mihi fructus legetur, concurrere nos in usu, me solum fructum habiturum.
He also says that if use is bequeathed to you and fructus to me, we concur in the use, and I alone shall have the fructus.
§7.8.14.3Poterit autem apud alium esse usus, apud alium fructus sine usu, apud alium proprietas: ueluti si qui habet fundum, legauerit Titio usum, mox heres eius tibi fructum legauerit uel alio modo constituerit.
Moreover, it will be possible for the use to be with one person, the fructus without use with another, and the ownership with a third; as for example, if someone who owns a tract of land bequeaths the use to Titius, and later his heir bequeaths the fructus to you or establishes it in some other way.