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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §7.6.1.pr-7.6.1.4

Servitudes and Rights of Way in Bequeathed Usufruct

Passage 1302 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Discusses the exercise of servitudes on land subject to a usufruct, the scope of access and right of way accompanying a bequeathed usufruct, and the criteria for determining which ancillary benefits the heir must provide.

[ULPIANUS libro octauo decimo ad Sabinum. ] §7.6.1.prSi fundo fructuario seruitus debeatur, Marcellus libro octauo apud Iulianum Labeonis et Neruae sententiam probat existimantium seruitutem quidem eum uindicare non posse, uerum usum fructum uindicaturum ac per hoc uicinum, si non patiatur eum ire et agere, teneri ei, quasi non patiatur uti frui. §7.6.1.1Usus fructus legatus adminiculis eget, sine quibus uti frui quis non potest: et ideo si usus fructus legetur, necesse est tamen ut sequatur eum aditus, usque adeo, ut, si quis usum fructum loci leget ita, ne heres cogatur uiam praestare, inutiliter hoc adiectum uideatur: item si usu fructu legato iter ademptum sit, inutilis est ademptio, quia semper sequitur usum fructum. §7.6.1.2Sed si usus fructus sit legatus, ad quem aditus non est per hereditarium fundum, ex testamento utique agendo fructuarius consequetur, ut cum aditu sibi praestetur usus fructus. §7.6.1.3Utrum autem aditus tantum et iter an uero et uia debeatur fructuario legato ei usu fructu, Pomponius libro quinto dubitat: et recte putat, prout usus fructus perceptio desiderat, hoc ei praestandum.
[ULPIANUS in the eighteenth book on Sabinus.]\n\nIf a servitude is owed to a land subject to a usufruct, Marcellus, in the eighth book on Julian, approves the opinion of Labeo and Nerva, who think that the usufructuary indeed cannot claim the servitude, but will claim the usufruct, and through this, if the neighbor does not allow him to go and to drive, the neighbor is liable to him as if he does not allow him to enjoy the usufruct.\n\nA bequeathed usufruct needs the support without which one cannot enjoy the usufruct; and therefore, if a usufruct is bequeathed, it is nevertheless necessary that access should follow it, to such an extent that if anyone bequeaths the usufruct of a place in such a way that the heir is not compelled to provide a road, this addition is seen to be made in vain. Likewise, if, when a usufruct is bequeathed, the right of way is taken away, the deprivation is void, because it always follows the usufruct.\n\nBut if a usufruct is bequeathed, to which there is no access through the estate's land, the usufructuary will certainly obtain, by bringing an action on the will, that the usufruct be provided to him along with access.\n\nWhether, however, only access and a right of way on foot, or indeed a road also is owed to the usufructuary to whom the usufruct is bequeathed, Pomponius doubts in his fifth book; and he rightly thinks that this must be provided to him in accordance with what the gathering of the fruits of the usufruct requires.\n\nBut should the heir also provide him with other advantages and servitudes, for example, of lights and water, or indeed not?
§7.6.1.4Sed an et alias utilitates et seruitutes ei heres praestare debeat, puta luminum et aquarum, an uero non? et puto eas solas praestare compellendum, sine quibus omnino uti non potest: sed si cum aliquo incommodo utatur, non esse praestandas.
And I think that he should be compelled to provide only those without which he cannot enjoy it at all; but if he can enjoy it with some inconvenience, they are not to be provided.

Notes

  1. §7.6.1.pruindicaturum — The future participle uindicaturum, with esse omitted, acts as a future infinitive and forms part of the accusative with infinitive (A.c.I.) construction introduced by existimantium. The subject is the preceding eum (the usufructuary).
  2. §7.6.1.1ne heres cogatur uiam praestare — This is an ita... ne construction (with the present subjunctive cogatur) which expresses a restrictive or conditional clause ('on the condition that the heir is not compelled to provide a road') added to the legacy.
  3. §7.6.1.3legato ei usu fructu — A participial phrase modifying the dative fructuario, where usu fructu is an ablative of instrument or means (literally 'to him to whom a legacy was made by/with the usufruct').

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §7.6.1.pr-7.6.1.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:7.6.1.pr-7.6.1.4

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