[ULPIANUS libro septimo decimo ad Sabinum. ] §7.1.7.prUsu fructu legato omnis fructus rei ad fructuarium pertinet.
[ULPIAN, On Sabinus, book 17] When a usufruct is bequeathed, all the fruits of the thing belong to the usufructuary.
et aut rei soli aut rei mobilis usus fructus legatur.
And the usufruct of either an immovable or a movable thing may be bequeathed.
§7.1.7.1Rei soli, ut puta aedium, usu fructu legato quicumque reditus est, ad usufructuarium pertinet quaeque obuentiones sunt ex aedificiis, ex areis et ceteris, quaecumque aedium sunt.
When the usufruct of an immovable thing, for instance, of a house, is bequeathed, whatever income there is belongs to the usufructuary, as well as whatever revenues arise from the buildings, from the vacant plots, and other things, whatever belongs to the house.
unde etiam mitti eum in possessionem uicinarum aedium causa damni infecti placuit, et iure dominii possessurum eas aedes, si perseueretur non caueri, nec quicquam amittere finito usu fructu.
Hence it has also been held that he should be placed in possession of neighboring houses because of threatened damage, and that he will possess those houses by right of ownership if the failure to give security persists, and will not lose anything upon the termination of the usufruct.
hac ratione Labeo scribit nec aedificium licere domino te inuito altius tollere, sicut nec areae usu fructu legato potest in area aedificium poni: quam sententiam puto ueram.
For this reason Labeo writes that the owner is not permitted to raise the building higher against your will, just as when the usufruct of a vacant plot is bequeathed, a building cannot be erected on the plot; which opinion I believe to be true.
§7.1.7.2Quoniam igitur omnis fructus rei ad eum pertinet, reficere quoque eum aedes per arbitrum cogi Celsus scribit Celsus libro octauo decimo digestorum, hactenus tamen, ut sarta tecta habeat: si qua tamen uetustate corruissent, neutrum cogi reficere, sed si heres refecerit, passurum fructuarium uti.
Since, therefore, all the fruits of the thing belong to him, Celsus writes in the eighteenth book of his Digests that he can also be compelled by an arbitrator to repair the house, but only so far as to keep it in good repair; however, if any parts should fall down through old age, neither is compelled to rebuild them, but if the heir rebuilds them, he must allow the usufructuary to use them.
unde Celsus de modo sarta tecta habendi quaerit, si quae uetustate corruerunt reficere non cogitur: modica igitur refectio ad eum pertinet, quoniam et alia onera adgnoscit usu fructu legato: ut puta stipendium uel tributum uel salarium uel alimenta ab ea re relicta.
Hence Celsus inquires into the manner of keeping in good repair, if he is not compelled to rebuild what has fallen down through old age: therefore, moderate repairs belong to him, since he also acknowledges other burdens when a usufruct is bequeathed, such as a land tax, or tribute, or salary, or maintenance left charged on that property.
et ita Marcellus libro tertio decimo scribit.
And Marcellus writes to this effect in his thirteenth book.
§7.1.7.3Cassius quoque scribit libro octauo iuris ciuilis fructuarium per arbitrum cogi reficere, quemadmodum adserere cogitur arbores: et Aristo notat haec uera esse.
Cassius also writes in the eighth book of his Civil Law that the usufructuary is compelled by an arbitrator to make repairs, just as he is compelled to plant trees; and Aristo notes that this is true.
Neratius autem libro quarto membranarum ait non posse fructuarium prohiberi, quo minus reficiat, quia nec arare prohiberi potest aut colere: nec solum necessarias refectiones facturum, sed etiam uoluptatis causa ut tectoria et pauimenta et similia facere, neque autem ampliare nec utile detrahere posse,
Neratius, however, in the fourth book of his Parchments, says that the usufructuary cannot be prevented from making repairs, because he cannot be prevented from plowing or cultivating; and that he will not only make necessary repairs, but may also make them for the sake of pleasure, such as plastering, paving, and the like, but he cannot enlarge the building or remove anything useful.