[ULPIANUS libro octauo decimo ad Sabinum. ] §7.1.15.prSed si quid inaedificauerit, postea eum neque tollere hoc neque refigere posse: refixa plane posse uindicare.
[ULPIANUS in the eighteenth book on Sabinus.] But if he has built anything thereon, he cannot afterwards pull it down or detach it; though he can clearly claim what has been detached.
§7.1.15.1Mancipiorum quoque usus fructus legato non debet abuti, sed secundum condicionem eorum uti: nam si librarium rus mittat et qualum et calcem portare cogat, histrionem balniatorem faciat, uel de symphonia atriensem, uel de palaestra stercorandis latrinis praeponat, abuti uidebitur proprietate.
A legatee of the usufruct of slaves also must not abuse them, but must use them according to their status; for if he should send a scribe to the country and compel him to carry baskets and lime, or make an actor a bath-attendant, or make an atrium-keeper out of a member of a musical band, or put a slave from the gymnasium in charge of cleaning latrines, he will be deemed to abuse the property.
§7.1.15.2Sufficienter autem alere et uestire debet secundum ordinem et dignitatem mancipiorum.
Moreover, he must sufficiently feed and clothe them according to the class and dignity of the slaves.
§7.1.15.3Et generaliter Labeo ait in omnibus rebus mobilibus modum eum tenere debere, ne sua feritate uel saeuitia ea corrumpat: alioquin etiam lege Aquilia eum conueniri.
And generally Labeo says that in all movable things he ought to observe moderation, lest he should damage them by his wildness or cruelty; otherwise, he may even be sued under the Lex Aquilia.
§7.1.15.4Et si uestimentorum usus fructus legatus sit non sic, ut quantitatis usus fructus legetur, dicendum est ita uti eum debere, ne abutatur: nec tamen locaturum, quia uir bonus ita non uteretur.
And if the usufruct of garments is bequeathed, not in such a way as the usufruct of a quantity is bequeathed, it must be said that he ought to use them so as not to abuse them; yet he will not let them out for hire, because an honorable man would not use them in that way.
§7.1.15.5Proinde etsi scaenicae uestis usus fructus legetur uel aulaei uel alterius apparatus, alibi quam in scaena non utetur.
Therefore, even if the usufruct of a stage costume, or a curtain, or other stage equipment is bequeathed, he shall not use it anywhere else than on the stage.
sed an et locare possit, uidendum est: et puto locaturum, et licet testator commodare, non locare fuerit solitus, tamen ipsum fructuarium locaturum tam scaenicam quam funebrem uestem.
But it must be considered whether he can also let it out for hire; and I think he can, and although the testator was accustomed to lend it gratuitously and not to let it out for hire, nevertheless the usufructuary himself can let out for hire both stage costumes and funeral garments.
§7.1.15.6Proprietatis dominus non debebit impedire fructuarium ita utentem, ne deteriorem eius condicionem faciat.
The owner of the property must not obstruct the usufructuary who is using it in this manner, lest he should make his condition worse.
de quibusdam plane dubitatur, si eum uti prohibeat, an iure id faciat: ut puta doleis, si forte fundi usus fructus sit legatus, et putant quidam, etsi defossa sint, uti prohibendum: idem et in seriis et in cuppis et in cadis et amphoris putant: idem et in specularibus, si domus usus fructus legetur.
Indeed, regarding certain things, if the owner should forbid him to use them, there is a clear doubt as to whether he does so by right: as, for example, with large jars, if the usufruct of land happens to be bequeathed, and some think that even if they are buried in the ground, he must be forbidden to use them; they hold the same opinion regarding small jars, casks, flasks, and amphorae; and the same regarding window panes, if the usufruct of a house is bequeathed.
sed ego puto, nisi sit contraria voluntas, etiam instrumentum fundi uel domus contineri.
But I think that, unless there is a contrary intention, the equipment of the land or the house is also included.
§7.1.15.7Sed nec seruitutem imponere fundo potest proprietarius nec amittere seruitutem: adquirere plane seruitutem eum posse etiam inuito fructuario Iulianus scripsit.
But the owner of the property can neither impose a servitude on the land nor lose a servitude; Julian, however, wrote that he can clearly acquire a servitude even against the will of the usufructuary.
quibus consequenter fructuarius quidem adquirere fundo seruitutem non potest, retinere autem potest: et si forte fuerint non utente fructuario amissae, hoc quoque nomine tenebitur.
Consequently, the usufructuary cannot indeed acquire a servitude for the land, but he can maintain it; and if by chance servitudes are lost because the usufructuary does not use them, he will be held liable on this account also.
proprietatis dominus ne quidem consentiente fructuario seruitutem imponere potest,
The owner of the property cannot impose a servitude even with the consent of the usufructuary,