[IDEM libro tertio opinionum. ] §50.8.2.prNon utique de exemplo posterioris locationis praeteritarum conductionum, quae suam legem habuerunt, rationem iniri oportet. §50.8.2.1Quod quis suo nomine exercere prohibetur, id nec per subiectam personam agere debet.
[THE SAME, from the third book of opinions.]\n\nAn account of past leases, which had their own terms, should not necessarily be entered into on the model of a subsequent lease.\n\nWhat a person is prohibited from doing in his own name, he must not do through an interposed person.
et ideo si decurio subiectis aliorum nominibus praedia publica colat, quae decurionibus conducere non licet, secundum legem usurpata reuocentur. §50.8.2.2Quod de frumentaria ratione in alium usum conuersum est, sua causa cum incremento debito restituatur: idque etsi contra absentem pronuntiatum est, inanis est querella.
And therefore, if a decurion, using the names of others as substitutes, cultivates public lands which decurions are not permitted to lease, those lands, having been usurped, shall be reclaimed in accordance with the law.\n\nWhat has been diverted from the grain account to another use must be restored to its proper purpose with the due interest; and even if this has been decreed against an absent person, the complaint is groundless.
ratio tamen administrationis secundum fidem acceptorum et datorum ponatur. §50.8.2.3Frumentariae pecuniae suo nomine debitor quam primum soluat: necessaria enim omnibus rebus publicis frumentaria pecunia moram solutionis accipere non debet: sed debitores, quos ex eadem causa habet, ad solutionem per praesidem prouinciae compellantur. §50.8.2.4Ad frumenti comparationem pecuniam datam restitui ciuitati, non compensari in erogata debet.
However, the account of the administration should be rendered according to the good faith of receipts and expenditures.\n\nA debtor who owes grain money in his own name must pay it as soon as possible; for grain money, which is necessary for all municipalities, must not experience delay in payment. But the debtors whom the municipality has for the same reason shall be compelled to pay by the governor of the province.\n\nMoney given for the purchase of grain must be restored to the municipality, not set off against expenses incurred.
sin autem frumentaria pecunia in alios usus, quam quibus destinata est, conuersa fuerit, ueluti in opus balneorum publicorum, licet ex bona fide datum probatur, compensari quidem frumentariae pecuniae non oportet, solui autem a curatore rei publicae iubetur. §50.8.2.5Si indemnitas debiti frumentariae pecuniae cum suis usuris fit, immodicae et illicitae computationis modus non adhibetur: id est ne commodorum commoda et usurae usurarum incrementum faciant. §50.8.2.6Grani aestimationem per iniuriam post emptionem ablati, quae rationibus publicis refertur, curator rei publicae domino restitui iubeat. §50.8.2.7Si eo tempore, quo nominatus est, idoneus, postea lapsus facultatibus damnum debitis rei publicae dederit: quia fortuitos casus nullum humanum consilium prouidere potest, creator hoc nomine nihil praestare debet. §50.8.2.8Ius rei publicae pacto mutari non potest, quo minus magistratus collegae quoque nomine conueniantur in his speciebus, in quibus id fieri iure permissum est. §50.8.2.9Actio autem, quae propter ea in collegam decerni solet, ei qui pro altero dependit ex aequitate competit. §50.8.2.10Quod depensum pro collega in magistratu probabitur, solui et ab heredibus eius praeses prouinciae iubet.
But if grain money has been diverted to other uses than those for which it was destined, such as for the construction of public baths, although it is proven to have been given in good faith, it must not be set off against the grain money, but is ordered to be paid by the curator of the municipality.\n\nIf the indemnification of a debt of grain money is made with its interest, an excessive and unlawful method of computation is not applied; that is, lest compound interest and interest on interest create an increase.\n\nThe curator of the municipality shall order the value of grain unlawfully taken after its purchase, which is entered in the public accounts, to be restored to the owner.\n\nIf a person who was solvent at the time he was nominated subsequently suffers a loss of resources and causes loss to the municipality by his debts: since no human foresight can anticipate fortuitous events, the nominator ought to guarantee nothing on this account.\n\nThe right of the municipality cannot be changed by an agreement so as to prevent magistrates from being sued also in the name of a colleague in those cases in which this is permitted by law.\n\nMoreover, the action which is usually granted against a colleague on this account belongs in equity to him who has paid on behalf of another.\n\nThe governor of the province shall order that what is proved to have been paid on behalf of a colleague in office be paid also by his heirs.