[ARCADIUS CHARISIUS libro singulari de muneribus ciuilibus. ] §50.4.18.prMunerum ciuilium triplex diuisio est: nam quaedam munera personalia sunt, quaedam patrimoniorum dicuntur, alia mixta.
[ARCADIUS CHARISIUS, In the Single Book on Civil Duties.] The division of civil duties is threefold: for some duties are personal, some are said to be of patrimony, and others are mixed.
§50.4.18.1Personalia sunt, quae animi prouisione et corporalis laboris intentione sine aliquo gerentis detrimento perpetrantur, ueluti tutela uel cura, kalendarii quoque curatio.
Personal duties are those which are performed by the care of the mind and the application of bodily labor, without any loss to the person performing them, such as guardianship or curatorship, and also the management of a debt ledger.
§50.4.18.2Et quaestura in aliqua ciuitate inter honores non habetur, sed personale munus est.
And the quaestorship in certain cities is not held among honors, but is a personal duty.
§50.4.18.3Tironum siue equorum productio et si qua alia animalia necessario producenda uel res peruehendae siue persequendae sunt, uel pecunia fiscalis siue annona uel uestis, personae munus est.
The production of recruits or horses, and if any other animals must of necessity be produced, or goods to be transported or tracked down, or fiscal money, or military provisions, or clothing, is a duty of the person.
§50.4.18.4Cursus uehicularis sollicitudo, item angariarum praebitio personale munus est.
The care of the vehicular postal service, and likewise the provision of forced transport animals, is a personal duty.
§50.4.18.5Cura quoque emendi frumenti olei (nam harum specierum curatores, quos σιτώνας et ἐλαιώνας appellant, creari moris est) inter personalia munera in quibusdam ciuitatibus numerantur: et calefactio publici balinei, si ex reditibus alicuius ciuitatis curatori pecunia subministratur.
The care also of buying grain and oil (for it is the custom to create curators of these goods, whom they call sitonae and elaionae) is numbered among personal duties in certain cities; and the heating of the public bath, if money is supplied to the curator from the revenues of some city.
§50.4.18.6Sed et cura custodiendi aquae ductus personalibus muneribus adgregatur.
But also the care of guarding the aqueduct is added to personal duties.
§50.4.18.7Irenarchae quoque, qui disciplinae publicae et corrigendis moribus praeficiuntur: sed et qui ad faciendas uias eligi solent, cum nihil de proprio patrimonio in hoc munus conferant: item episcopi, qui praesunt pani et ceteris uenalibus rebus, quae ciuitatium populis ad cotidianum uictum usui sunt, personalibus muneribus funguntur.
The irenarchs also, who are put in charge of public discipline and correcting morals; but also those who are usually chosen for constructing roads, since they contribute nothing from their own patrimony to this duty; likewise the superintendents who are in charge of bread and other saleable goods which are of use to the peoples of the cities for daily sustenance, perform personal duties.
§50.4.18.8Qui annonam suscipit uel exigit uel erogat, et exactores pecuniae pro capitibus personalis muneris sollicitudinem sustinent.
He who receives or exacts or distributes military provisions, and the collectors of the head tax, bear the responsibility of a personal duty.
§50.4.18.9Sed et curatores, qui ad colligendos ciuitatium publicos reditus eligi solent, personali munere subiugantur.
But also the curators, who are usually chosen to collect the public revenues of the cities, are subjected to a personal duty.
H §50.4.18.10i quoque, qui custodes aedium uel archeotae uel logographi uel tabularii uel xenoparochi (ut in quibusdam ciuitatibus) uel limenarchae uel curatores ad extruenda uel reficienda aedificia publica siue palatia siue naualia uel mansiones destinantur, si tamen pecuniam publicam in operis fabricam erogent, et qui faciendis uel reficiendis nauibus, ubi usus exigit, praeponuntur, muneribus personalibus adstringuntur.
Th ese also, who are appointed as guards of temples, or keepers of archives, or accountants, or registrars, or hosts of foreigners (as in certain cities), or harbor masters, or curators for constructing or repairing public buildings, whether palaces, dockyards, or post stations (provided, however, that they expend public money on the construction of the work), and those who are put in charge of building or repairing ships when necessity demands, are bound by personal duties.
§50.4.18.11Camelasia quoque similiter personale munus est: nam ratione habita et alimentorum et camelorum certa pecunia camelariis dari debet, ut solo corporis ministerio obligentur.
Camel driving and maintenance is likewise a personal duty: for, taking into account both provisions and camels, a fixed sum of money must be given to the camel drivers, so that they are bound only to the service of their bodies.
hos ex albi ordine uocari nec ulla excusatione liberari, nisi sola laesi et inutilis corporis et infirmitate, specialiter sit expressum.
It has been specifically declared that these men are called from the order of the roll and are freed by no excuse, except only by the infirmity of an injured and useless body.
§50.4.18.12Legati quoque, qui ad sacrarium principis mittuntur, quia uiaticum, quod legatiuum dicitur, interdum solent accipere, sed et nyctostrategi et pistrinorum curatores personale munus ineunt.
Envoys also, who are sent to the sanctuary of the emperor, because they are sometimes accustomed to receive a travel allowance which is called "legativum", and also night prefects and curators of bakeries, enter upon a personal duty.
§50.4.18.13Defensores quoque, quos Graeci syndicos appellant, et qui ad certam causam agendam uel defendendam eliguntur, laborem personalis muneris adgrediuntur.
Defenders also, whom the Greeks call "syndics", and those who are chosen to conduct or defend a specific cause, undertake the labor of a personal duty.
§50.4.18.14Iudicandi quoque necessitas inter munera personalia habetur.
The necessity of judging is also held among personal duties.
§50.4.18.15Si aliquis fuerit electus, ut compellat eos, qui prope uiam publicam possident, sternere uiam, personale munus est.
If anyone is chosen to compel those who possess land near a public road to pave the road, it is a personal duty.
§50.4.18.16Pari modo qui acceptandis siue suscipiendis censualibus professionibus destinantur, ad personalis muneris sollicitudinem animum intendunt.
In like manner, those who are appointed to accept or receive census declarations direct their attention to the care of a personal duty.
§50.4.18.17Mastigophori quoque, qui agonothetas in certaminibus comitantur, et scribae magistratus personali muneri seruiunt.
The whip-bearers also, who accompany the directors of the games in athletic contests, and the scribes of magistrates, serve a personal duty.
§50.4.18.18Patrimoniorum sunt munera, quae sumptibus patrimonii et damnis administrantis expediuntur.
Duties of patrimony are those which are discharged at the expense of the patrimony and through the losses of the person administering them.
§50.4.18.19Elemporia et pratura apud Alexandrinos patrimonii munus existimatur.
Oil buying and the pratura among the Alexandrians are considered a duty of patrimony.
§50.4.18.20Susceptores quoque uini per prouinciam Africam patrimonii munus gerunt.
The receivers of wine throughout the province of Africa also perform a duty of patrimony.
§50.4.18.21Patrimoniorum autem munera duplicia sunt. nam quaedam ex his muneribus possessionibus siue patrimoniis indicuntur, ueluti agminales equi uel mulae et angariae atque ueredi.
Moreover, duties of patrimony are twofold: for some of these duties are imposed on possessions or estates, such as baggage-train horses or mules, and forced carriages, and post-horses.
H §50.4.18.22uiusmodi igitur obsequia et hi, qui neque municipes neque incolae sunt, adgnoscere coguntur.
Of th is kind, therefore, of services even those who are neither citizens nor inhabitants of the municipality are compelled to acknowledge.
§50.4.18.23Sed et eos, qui faenus exercent, etsi ueterani sint, tributiones eiusmodi adgnoscere debere rescriptum est.
But it has also been replied in a rescript that those who practice money-lending, even if they are veterans, must acknowledge contributions of this kind.
§50.4.18.24Ab huiusmodi muneribus neque primipilaris neque ueteranus aut miles aliusue, qui priuilegio aliquo subnixus, nec pontifex excusatur.
From duties of this kind neither a primipilaris, nor a veteran, nor a soldier, nor anyone else supported by any privilege, nor a pontiff is excused.
§50.4.18.25Praeterea habent quaedam ciuitates praerogatiuam, ut hi, qui in territorio earum possident, certum quid frumenti pro mensura agri per singulos annos praebeant: quod genus collationis munus possessionis est.
Moreover, certain cities have the prerogative that those who possess land in their territory must provide a certain quantity of grain every year in proportion to the measure of their land; which kind of contribution is a duty of possession.
§50.4.18.26Mixta munera decaprotiae et icosaprotiae, ut Herennius Modestinus et notando et disputando bene et optima ratione decreuit: nam decaproti et icosaproti tributa exigentes et corporale ministerium gerunt et pro omnibus defunctorum fiscalia detrimenta resarciunt, ut merito inter mixta hoc munus numerari debeat.
The decaprotia and the icosaprotia are mixed duties, as Herennius Modestinus both by annotating and by discussing has well and with the best of reasons determined: for the decaproti and the icosaproti, while exacting taxes, both perform a bodily service and make good for all the fiscal deficits of deceased persons, so that this duty must deservedly be numbered among the mixed duties.
§50.4.18.27Sed ea, quae supra personalia esse diximus, si hi qui funguntur ex lege ciuitatis suae uel more etiam de propriis facultatibus impensas faciant uel annonam exigentes desertorum praediorum damna sustineant, mixtorum definitione continebuntur.
But those duties which we have said above to be personal, if those who discharge them, according to the law of their own city or by custom, also make expenditures from their own means, or while exacting military provisions sustain losses from abandoned estates, will be contained within the definition of mixed duties.
H §50.4.18.28aec omnia munera, quae trifariam diuisimus, una significatione comprehenduntur: nam personalia et patrimoniorum et mixta munera ciuilia seu publica appellantur.
Th ese duties, all of which we have divided in threefold manner, are comprehended under a single designation: for personal, patrimonial, and mixed duties are called civil or public duties.
§50.4.18.29Siue autem personalium dumtaxat siue etiam ciuilium munerum immunitas alicui concedatur, neque ab annona neque ab angariis neque a ueredo neque ab hospite recipiendo neque a naue neque capitatione, exceptis militibus et ueteranis, excusari possunt.
However, whether immunity from personal duties only or also from civil duties is granted to anyone, they cannot, except for soldiers and veterans, be excused from military provisions, nor from forced transport, nor from post-horses, nor from receiving a guest, nor from providing a ship, nor from the poll tax.
§50.4.18.30Magistris, qui ciuilium munerum uacationem habent, item grammaticis et oratoribus et medicis et philosophis, ne hospitem reciperent, a principibus fuisse immunitatem indultam et diuus Uespasianus et diuus Hadrianus rescripserunt.
That immunity from receiving a guest had been granted by the emperors to teachers who have exemption from civil duties, and likewise to grammarians, orators, physicians, and philosophers, both the Divine Vespasian and the Divine Hadrian replied in rescripts.