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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §50.16.77.pr

Scope of Produce and Revenue: Definition of Grain

Passage 8891 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Julian's discussion on the scope of 'produce' (frux) and 'revenue' (reditus), and the legal definitions distinguishing 'grain' (frumentum) from 'produce' based on the presence of awns or pods.

[IDEM libro quadragensimo nono ad edictum. ] §50.16.77.pr'Frugem' pro reditu appellari, non solum frumentis aut leguminibus, uerum et ex uino, siluis caeduis, cretifodinis, lapidicinis capitur, Iulianus scribit.
[THE SAME, on the Edict, book 49.] Julian writes that the term 'produce' (frugem) is used in place of revenue; and revenue is derived not only from grain or legumes, but also from wine, coppice-woods, chalk-pits, and stone-quarries.
'fruges' omnes esse, quibus homo uescatur, falsum esse: non enim carnem aut aues ferasue aut poma fruges dici.
It is false that all things which man feeds upon are 'produce' (fruges); for meat, birds, wild beasts, or orchard fruits are not called 'produce'.
'frumentum' autem id esse, quod arista se teneat, recte Gallum definisse: lupinum uero et fabam fruges potius dici, quia non arista, sed siliqua continentur.
On the other hand, Gallus correctly defined 'grain' (frumentum) as that which holds itself by the awn; but lupin and bean are rather to be called 'produce', because they are contained not by an awn, but by a pod.
quae Seruius apud Alfenum in frumento contineri putat.
Servius, however, in the works of Alfenus, thinks that these are included under 'grain'.

Notes

  1. §50.16.77.prcapitur — The subject of the singular passive verb capitur is reditus (revenue), understood from the preceding phrase pro reditu. It functions as a relative clause without an explicit relative pronoun, qualifying 'revenue'.
  2. §50.16.77.prquae — A neuter plural accusative relative pronoun. It collectively refers back to lupinum (neuter) and fabam (feminine) in the preceding sentence, functioning as a relative connection (connectio relativa) at the beginning of the clause and serving as the subject accusative of the infinitive contineri.
  3. §50.16.77.prapud Alfenum — The preposition apud here means 'in the works of'. It indicates that the opinion of Servius Sulpicius Rufus is quoted or recorded within the writings compiled by Alfenus Varus.
  4. §50.16.77.prputat — While the surrounding clauses continue the indirect speech (accusative with infinitive construction) governed by the main clause Iulianus scribit, this verb putat is in the indicative present. This indicates that Ulpian is presenting Servius's opinion as a direct, objective fact or adding his own commentary.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §50.16.77.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:50.16.77.pr

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