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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §50.16.213.pr-50.16.213.2

Definitions of Vesting and Due Dates, Debts, and Gross Neglect

Passage 9027 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpianus explains the distinction between the vesting and arrival of a legal day, and defines the terms 'debt,' 'one's own assets,' and 'gross negligence.'

[IDEM libro primo regularum. ] §50.16.213.prCedere diem' significat incipere deberi pecuniam: 'uenire diem' significat eum diem uenisse, quo pecunia peti possit.
[THE SAME, in the first book of rules.] 'The vesting of a right' means that money begins to be owed; 'the arrival of the day' means that that day has come on which money can be demanded.
ubi pure quis stipulatus fuerit, et cessit et uenit dies: ubi in diem, cessit dies, sed nondum uenit: ubi sub condicione, neque cessit neque uenit dies pendente adhuc condicione. '
Where one has made an unconditional stipulation, the day has both vested and arrived; where for a certain day, the day has vested, but has not yet arrived; where under a condition, the day has neither vested nor arrived while the condition is still pending.
§50.16.213.1Aes alienum' est, quod nos aliis debemus: 'aes suum' est, quod alii nobis debent. '
'Debt' is what we owe to others; 'one's own assets' is what others owe to us.
§50.16.213.2Lata culpa' est nimia neglegentia, id est non intellegere quod omnes intellegunt.
'Gross negligence' is excessive negligence, that is, not to understand what everyone understands.

Notes

  1. 50.16.213.prCedere diem ... uenire diem — *Cedere diem* and *uenire diem* are technical legal phrases in Roman law indicating stages of an obligation. The former denotes the vesting of a right (the debt becomes owing), while the latter denotes the arrival of the time for payment (the debt becomes demandable). Both function as infinitive phrases serving as objects of *significat*.
  2. 50.16.213.prpendente adhuc condicione — An ablative absolute construction consisting of the present participle *pendente* (from *pendeo*, 'to hang, be pending') and the noun *condicione* (from *condicio*, 'condition'), functioning as an adverbial phrase of time/circumstance: 'while the condition is still pending.'
  3. 50.16.213.1Aes alienum ... aes suum — While *aes* originally means 'bronze' or 'bronze coin,' *aes alienum* ('another's bronze') idiomatically means 'debt/liability,' and *aes suum* ('one's own bronze') means 'assets/claims.' The relative clauses introduced by *quod* function as noun clauses defining these terms.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §50.16.213.pr-50.16.213.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:50.16.213.pr-50.16.213.2

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