[IDEM libro quadragesimo sexto ad edictum. ] §50.16.195.prPronuntiatio sermonis in sexu masculino ad utrumque sexum plerumque porrigitur.
[THE SAME in the forty-sixth book on the Edict.] The pronunciation of speech in the masculine gender is usually extended to both sexes.
' §50.16.195.1Familiae' appellatio qualiter accipiatur, uideamus.
Let us see how the designation of 'familia' is understood.
et quidem uarie accepta est: nam et in res et in personas deducitur.
Indeed, it is understood in various ways: for it is applied both to things and to persons.
in res, ut puta in lege duodecim tabularum his uerbis 'adgnatus proximus familiam habeto'.
To things, as for example in the Law of the Twelve Tables in these words: 'let the nearest agnate have the familia'.
ad personas autem refertur familiae significatio ita, cum de patrono et liberto loquitur lex: 'ex ea familia', inquit, 'in eam familiam': et hic de singularibus personis legem loqui constat.
But the significance of 'familia' is referred to persons in this way, when the law speaks of a patron and a freedman: 'from that familia', it says, 'into that familia': and here it is clear that the law speaks of individual persons.
§50.16.195.2Familiae appellatio refertur et ad corporis cuiusdam significationem, quod aut iure proprio ipsorum aut communi uniuersae cognationis continetur.
The designation of 'familia' is also referred to the significance of a certain body, which is held together either by their own specific law or by the common law of the entire relationship.
iure proprio familiam dicimus plures personas, quae sunt sub unius potestate aut natura aut iure subiectae, ut puta patrem familias, matrem familias, filium familias, filiam familias quique deinceps uicem eorum sequuntur, ut puta nepotes et neptes et deinceps.
By specific law we call a 'familia' several persons, who are subjected to the power of one person either by nature or by law, such as a father of a family, a mother of a family, a son of a family, a daughter of a family, and those who successively follow in their place, such as grandsons and granddaughters and so on.
pater autem familias appellatur, qui in domo dominium habet, recteque hoc nomine appellatur, quamuis filium non habeat: non enim solam personam eius, sed et ius demonstramus: denique et pupillum patrem familias appellamus.
Now he is called a father of a family who has dominion in the house, and he is rightly called by this name even though he has no son: for we do not indicate his person alone, but also his legal status: finally, we also call a ward a father of a family.
et cum pater familias moritur, quotquot capita ei subiecta fuerint, singulas familias incipiunt habere: singuli enim patrum familiarum nomen subeunt.
And when a father of a family dies, as many individuals as were subjected to him begin to have individual families: for each one enters into the name of a father of a family.
idemque eueniet et in eo qui emancipatus est: nam et hic sui iuris effectus propriam familiam habet.
And the same thing will happen in the case of him who is emancipated: for he too, having been made independent, has his own family.
communi iure familiam dicimus omnium adgnatorum: nam etsi patre familias mortuo singuli singulas familias habent, tamen omnes, qui sub unius potestate fuerunt, recte eiusdem familiae appellabuntur, qui ex eadem domo et gente proditi sunt.
By common law we call a 'familia' that of all the agnates: for even if, upon the death of the father of a family, individuals have individual families, nevertheless all who were under the power of one person, who came forth from the same house and gens, will rightly be called of the same family.
§50.16.195.3Seruitutium quoque solemus appellare familias, ut in edicto praetoris ostendimus sub titulo de furtis, ubi praetor loquitur de familia publicanorum.
We are also accustomed to call the body of slaves 'familias', as we have shown in the edict of the praetor under the title on thefts, where the praetor speaks of the 'familia' of tax-gatherers.
sed ibi non omnes serui, sed corpus quoddam seruorum demonstratur huius rei causa paratum, hoc est uectigalis causa.
But there not all slaves, but a certain body of slaves prepared for the sake of this business, that is, for the sake of the tax, is indicated.
alia autem parte edicti omnes serui continentur: ut de hominibus coactis et ui bonorum raptorum, item redhibitoria, si deterior res reddatur emptoris opera aut familiae eius, et interdicto unde ui familiae appellatio omnes seruos comprehendit.
In another part of the edict, however, all slaves are contained: as on forced assemblies and property taken by force, likewise in the redhibitory action, if the thing returned is made worse by the work of the buyer or of his 'familia', and in the interdict 'unde ui' the designation 'familia' comprehends all slaves.
sed et filii continentur.
But sons too are contained.
§50.16.195.4Item appellatur familia plurium personarum, quae ab eiusdem ultimi genitoris sanguine proficiscuntur (sicuti dicimus familiam Iuliam), quasi a fonte quodam memoriae.
Likewise, a 'familia' is called that of several persons who proceed from the blood of the same most remote ancestor (just as we say the Julian family), as if from a certain source of memory.
§50.16.195.5Mulier autem familiae suae et caput et finis est.
But a woman is both the head and the end of her own family.