[IDEM libro quinto sententiarum. ] §49.14.45.prIn fraudem fisci non solum per donationem, sed quocumque modo res alienatae reuocantur, idemque iuris est et si non quaeratur: aeque enim in omnibus fraus punitur.
[THE SAME, Book V of Opinions.] In fraud of the treasury, property alienated not only by donation but in any manner whatsoever is recovered, and the same rule of law applies even if it was not acquired [for the treasury]; for fraud is punished equally in all cases.
§49.14.45.1Bona eorum, qui in custodia uel in uinculis uel compedibus decesserunt, heredibus eorum non auferuntur, siue testato siue intestato decesserunt.
The property of those who have died in custody, in prison, or in fetters is not taken away from their heirs, whether they died testate or intestate.
§49.14.45.2Eius bona, qui sibi mortem consciuit, non ante ad fiscum coguntur, quam prius constiterit, cuius criminis gratia manus sibi intulerit.
The property of one who has committed suicide is not confiscated to the treasury before it is first established for what crime he laid hands upon himself.
eius bona, qui sibi ob aliquod admissum flagitium mortem consciuit et manus intulit, fisco uindicantur: quod si id taedio uitae aut pudore aeris alieni uel ualetudinis alicuius impatientia admisit, non inquietabuntur, sed suae successioni relinquuntur.
The property of one who, on account of some committed crime, committed suicide and laid hands upon himself, is confiscated to the treasury; but if he did this from weariness of life, shame of debt, or impatience under some illness, his property shall not be disturbed but is left to his succession.
§49.14.45.3A debitore fisci in fraudem datas libertates retrahi placuit: sane ipsum ita ab alio emere mancipium, ut manumittat, non est prohibitum: ergo tunc et libertatem praestare possit.
It has been decided that manumissions granted in fraud of the treasury by its debtor are revoked; of course, it is not forbidden for the debtor himself to purchase a slave from another on the condition of manumitting him; therefore, in that case, he may also grant freedom.
§49.14.45.4Ex his bonis, quae ad fiscum delata sunt, instrumenta uel chirographa, acta etiam ad ius priuatorum pertinentia restitui postulantibus conuenit.
From the property that has been confiscated to the treasury, documents, signed agreements, and also records pertaining to the rights of private individuals should be restored to those who request them.
§49.14.45.5Neque instrumenta neque acta a quoquam aduersus fiscum edi oportet.
Neither documents nor records ought to be produced by anyone against the treasury.
§49.14.45.6Ipse autem fiscus actorum suorum exempla hac condicione edit, ut is, cui describendi fit potestas, aduersus se uel rem publicam his actis ne utatur: de quo cauere compellitur, ut, si usus is contra interdictum fuerit, causa cadat.
However, the treasury itself produces copies of its records on this condition: that the person who is given the power of transcribing them shall not use these records against the treasury or the state; concerning which he is compelled to give security, so that if he uses them contrary to the prohibition, he shall lose his case.
§49.14.45.7Quotiens apud fiscum agitur, actorum potestas postulanda est, ut merito is uti liceat, eaque manu commentariensis adnotanda sunt.
Whenever proceedings are conducted before the treasury, the power of using the records must be requested, so that they may be used rightfully, and they must be noted by the hand of the registrar.
quod si ea aliter proferantur, is qui ita protulerit causa cadit.
But if they are produced otherwise, the person who has so produced them loses his case.
§49.14.45.8Quotiens iterum apud fiscum eadem causa tractatur, priorum actorum, quorum usus non fuerat postulatus, ex officio recitatio iure poscetur.
Whenever the same case is heard again before the treasury, the reading of the previous records, the use of which had not been requested, shall legally be demanded ex officio.
§49.14.45.9Qui pro alio a fisco conuentus debitum exsoluit, non inique postulat persecutionem bonorum eius pro quo soluit: in quo etiam adiuuari per officium solet.
A person who, having been sued by the treasury on behalf of another, has paid the debt, not unjustly demands the pursuit of the property of the person for whom he paid; in which matter he is also accustomed to be assisted by official authority.
§49.14.45.10Fiscalibus debitoribus petentibus ad comparandam pecuniam dilationem negari non placuit.
It has been decided not to deny an extension of time to treasury debtors who petition for it to raise money.
cuius rei aestimatio ita arbitrio iudicantis conceditur, ut in maioribus summis non plus quam tres menses, in minoribus uero non plus quam duo prorogentur: prolixioris autem temporis spatium ab imperatore postulandum est.
The estimation of this matter is so left to the discretion of the judge that in larger sums not more than three months, and in smaller sums not more than two, may be granted; but a longer period of time must be requested from the Emperor.
§49.14.45.11Si principalis rei bona ad fiscum deuoluta sint, fideiussores liberantur: nisi forte minus idonei sint et in reliquum non exsolutae quantitatis accesserint.
If the property of the principal debtor has devolved to the treasury, the sureties are released; unless perhaps [the principal debtors] are less solvent and [the sureties] have been added for the remainder of the unpaid amount.
§49.14.45.12Si plus seruatum est ex bonis debitoris a fisco distractis, iure ac merito restitui postulatur.
If more has been realized from the property of the debtor sold by the treasury, its return is justly and deservedly demanded.
§49.14.45.13Conductor ex fundo fiscali nihil transferre potest nec cupressi materiam uendere uel oliuae non substitutis aliis ceterasque arbores pomiferas caedere: et facta eius rei aestimatione in quadruplum conuenitur.
A lessee of treasury land cannot remove anything from it, nor sell cypress or olive timber without substituting other trees, nor cut down other fruit-bearing trees; and upon an appraisal of this matter being made, he is sued for fourfold.
§49.14.45.14Minoribus uiginti quinque annis neque fundus neque uectigalia locanda sunt, ne aduersus ea beneficio aetatis utantur.
Neither land nor taxes should be leased to persons under twenty-five years of age, lest they use the benefit of their age against these agreements.