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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §48.2.20.pr

Transmission of Confiscation Penalties to Heirs

Passage 8147 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section explains the conditions under which penalties involving property confiscation pass to heirs, stating that while they generally require a conviction during the defendant's lifetime, trials for extortion and treason are exceptional and may proceed after death, alongside explaining the rules for other delicts.

[MODESTINUS libro secundo de poenis. ] §48.2.20.prEx iudiciorum publicorum admissis non alias transeunt aduersus heredes poenae bonorum ademptionis, quam si lis contestata et condemnatio fuerit secuta, excepto repetundarum et maiestatis iudicio, quae etiam mortuis reis, cum quibus nihil actum est, adhuc exerceri placuit, ut bona eorum fisco uindicentur: adeo ut diuus Seuerus et Antoninus rescripserint, ex quo quis aliquod ex his causis crimen contraxit, nihil ex bonis suis alienare aut manumittere eum posse.
[MODESTINUS, On Punishments, Book 2] In the case of offenses of public prosecutions, the penalties of confiscation of property do not pass against the heirs under any other condition than if joinder of issue (lis contestata) has taken place and a conviction has followed, with the exception of trials for extortion (repetundae) and treason (maiestas), which it has been decided may still be prosecuted even if the defendants are dead, although no action had been taken against them, so that their property may be claimed for the treasury. This went so far that the Divine Severus and Antoninus replied by rescript that, from the moment anyone commits any crime of this nature, he cannot alienate any of his property or manumit any slave.
ex ceteris uero delictis poena incipere ab herede ita demum potest, si uiuo reo accusatio mota est, licet non fuit condemnatio secuta.
But in the case of other delicts, a penalty can only begin against the heir if the accusation was initiated during the lifetime of the defendant, even though a conviction had not followed.

Notes

  1. §48.2.20.prexcepto repetundarum et maiestatis iudicio — Ablative absolute construction, where the neuter singular noun iudicio agrees with the perfect participle excepto. Both repetundarum (genitive plural, referring to extortion/recovery of money) and maiestatis (genitive singular, treason) modify iudicio.
  2. §48.2.20.prcum quibus nihil actum est — quibus is a relative pronoun referring to the antecedent reis (ablative, object of the preposition cum). actum est is an impersonal passive of the verb ago (to conduct legal proceedings), meaning "nothing was done" or "no legal action had been taken" against them.
  3. §48.2.20.prex quo — A conjunctional phrase indicating a temporal starting point, meaning "from the moment when" or "since." The relative pronoun quo is in the neuter singular ablative, with a temporal idea implied.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §48.2.20.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:48.2.20.pr

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