[IDEM libro decimo de officio proconsulis. ] §48.19.9.prMoris est aduocationibus quoque praesides interdicere.
[THE SAME AUTHOR, from the tenth book on the Office of the Proconsul.] It is also the custom for governors to debar from advocacy.
et nonnumquam in perpetuum interdicunt, nonnumquam ad tempus uel annis metiuntur uel etiam tempore quo prouinciam regunt.
And sometimes they debar in perpetuity, sometimes for a time, or they measure it by years, or even by the time during which they govern the province.
§48.19.9.1Nec non ita quoque interdici potest alicui, ne certis personis adsit.
And likewise it can also be forbidden to someone, that he not assist certain persons.
§48.19.9.2Potest et ita interdici cui, ne apud tribunal praesidis postulet, et tamen apud legatum uel procuratorem non prohibetur agere.
It can also be so forbidden to someone, that he not plead before the tribunal of the governor, and yet he is not prohibited from acting before a legate or procurator.
§48.19.9.3Si tamen apud legatum prohibitus fuerit postulare, credo per consequentias ne quidem apud praesidem relictam illi postulandi facultatem.
If, however, he has been prohibited from pleading before a legate, I believe that by consequence, not even before the governor is the capacity of pleading left to him.
§48.19.9.4Nonnumquam non aduocationibus cui interdicitur, sed foro.
Sometimes someone is debarred not from advocacy, but from the forum.
plus est autem foro quam aduocationibus interdicere, si quidem huic omnino forensibus negotiis accommodare se non permittatur.
Moreover, it is a greater thing to debar from the forum than from advocacy, since to this person it is not permitted to apply himself at all to forensic business.
solet autem ita uel iuris studiosis interdici uel aduocatis uel tabellionibus siue pragmaticis.
Now, it is customary to so debar either students of law, or advocates, or notaries, or legal advisers.
§48.19.9.5Solet et ita interdici, ne instrumenta omnino forment neue libellos concipiant uel testationes consignent.
It is also customary to so forbid, that they do not draw up documents at all, nor draft petitions, nor seal attestations.
§48.19.9.6Solet et sic, ne eo loci sedeant, quo in publico instrumenta deponuntur, archio forte uel grammatophylacio.
It is also customary thus, that they do not sit in that place where documents are deposited in public, for example in an archive or a record office.
§48.19.9.7Solet et sic, ut testamenta ne ordinent uel scribant uel signent.
It is also customary thus, that they do not draw up, write, or seal wills.
§48.19.9.8Erit et illa poena, ne quis negotiis publicis interueniat: hic enim priuatis quidem interesse poterit, publicis prohibebitur, ut solent quibus sententia praecipitur δημοσίων ἀπέχεσθαι.
There will also be that punishment, that someone does not intervene in public affairs: for here indeed he will be able to take part in private ones, but will be prohibited from public ones, as is customary for those to whom it is commanded by sentence to abstain from public matters.
§48.19.9.9Sunt autem et aliae poenae: si negotiatione quis abstinere iubeatur uel ad conductionem eorum quae publice locantur accedere, ut ad uectigalia publica.
Now there are also other punishments: if someone is ordered to abstain from trade, or is prohibited from undertaking the lease of those things which are publicly let, such as public taxes.
§48.19.9.10Interdici autem negotiatione plerumque uel negotiationibus solet: sed damnare, ut quis negotietur, an possit uideamus.
Now, it is customary for one to be debarred from trade generally, or from specific trades; but let us see whether it is possible to condemn someone to engage in trade.
et sunt quidem hae poenae, si quis generaliter tractare uelit, inciuiles inuitum hominem iubere facere quod facere non potest: sed si quis specialiter tractauerit, potest esse iusta causa compellendi cuius ad negotiationem: quod si fuerit, sequenda erit sententia.
And indeed, if one wants to treat the matter generally, these punishments are contrary to civil law, to order an unwilling man to do what he cannot do; but if one treats it specifically, there can be a just cause for compelling someone to trade; and if this is the case, the sentence must be followed.
§48.19.9.11Istae fere sunt poenae quae iniungi solent.
These are generally the punishments which are accustomed to be imposed.
sed enim sciendum est discrimina esse poenarum neque omnes eadem poena adfici posse.
But indeed, it must be known that there are distinctions among punishments, and not all persons can be affected by the same punishment.
nam in primis decuriones in metallum damnari non possunt nec in opus metalli, nec furcae subici uel uiui exuri.
For in the first place, decurions cannot be sentenced to the mines, nor to labor in the mines, nor to be subjected to the gallows, or burned alive.
et si forte huiusmodi sententia fuerint affecti, liberandi erunt: sed hoc non potest efficere qui sententiam dixit, uerum referre ad principem debet, ut ex auctoritate eius poena aut permutetur aut liberaretur.
And if by chance they have been affected by a sentence of this kind, they must be freed; but he who pronounced the sentence cannot effect this, but he must refer the matter to the emperor, so that by his authority the punishment may either be commuted or he may be freed.
§48.19.9.12Parentes quoque et liberi decurionum in eadem causa sunt.
The parents also and the children of decurions are in the same position.
§48.19.9.13Liberos non tantum filios accipere debemus, uerum omnes liberos.
By "children" we ought to understand not only sons, but all descendants.
§48.19.9.14Sed utrum hi soli, qui post decurionatum suscepti sunt, his poenis non adficiantur, an uero omnes omnino liberi, etiam in plebeia familia suscepti, uidendum est: et magis puto omnibus prodesse debere.
But whether only those who were begotten after the decurionate are not affected by these punishments, or indeed all children whatsoever, even those begotten in a plebeian family, must be considered; and I rather think that it ought to benefit all of them.
§48.19.9.15Plane si parens decurio esse desierit, si quidem iam decurione fuerit editus, proderit ei, ne adficiatur: enimuero si posteaquam plebeius factus est tunc suscipiat filium, quasi plebeio editus ita erit plectendus.
Clearly, if the parent has ceased to be a decurion, indeed if the child was already born when he was a decurion, it will benefit him so that he is not affected; but if, after he has been made a plebeian, he then begets a son, he will be punished in the same way as one born to a plebeian.
§48.19.9.16Statuliberum quasi liberum iam puniendum diuus Pius Saluio Marciano rescripsit.
The deified Pius wrote in a rescript to Salvius Marcianus that a conditionally free slave must be punished as if already free.