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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §48.19.32.pr

Judgments on Violence and Effects in Civil and Criminal Law

Passage 8413 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This chunk explains the difference in legal consequences, such as infamy and penalties under the Julian Law on violence, depending on whether an interlocutory decree finding violence is based on a civil interdict or a criminal charge, and provides criteria for when the specific law is not distinguished.

[ULPIANUS libro sexto ad edictum. ] §48.19.32.prSi praeses uel iudex ita interlocutus sit 'uim fecisti'; si quidem ex interdicto, non erit notatus nec poena legis Iuliae sequetur: si uero ex crimine, aliud est.
[ULPIAN, from the sixth book on the Edict.] If a governor or judge has issued an interlocutory decree saying 'you have committed violence'; if indeed it is on the basis of an interdict, he will not be branded with infamy, nor will the penalty of the Julian law follow. But if it is on the basis of a criminal charge, it is another matter.
quid si non distinxerit praeses, utrum Iulia publicorum an Iulia priuatorum? tunc ex crimine erit aestimandum.
What if the governor has not distinguished whether it is the Julian law on public violence or that on private violence? Then it must be assessed from the criminal charge.
sed si utriusque legis crimina obiecta sunt, mitior lex, id est priuatorum erit sequenda.
But if the crimes under both laws are charged, the milder law, that is, the one on private violence, must be followed.

Notes

  1. 48.19.32.prex interdicto — Refers to being based on a civil law remedy, namely an "interdict" (interdictum). It is contrasted with criminal prosecution (ex crimine); hence, this civil ruling does not incur infamy (infamia) or the criminal penalties of the Lex Iulia de vi.
  2. 48.19.32.prIulia publicorum an Iulia priuatorum — The neuter plural genitives "publicorum" and "privatorum" are elliptical expressions referring respectively to the "Lex Iulia de vi publica" (Julian law on public violence) and "Lex Iulia de vi privata" (Julian law on private violence).
  3. 48.19.32.prex crimine erit aestimandum — An impersonal passive construction composed of the gerundive "aestimandum" and the auxiliary "erit". The subject is implied, meaning "it must be judged/assessed from the nature of the specific criminal charge (crimen)."

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §48.19.32.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:48.19.32.pr

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