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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §48.19.2.pr-48.19.2.2

Definition of Capital Conviction and Loss of Citizenship

Passage 8383 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian defines what constitutes a condemnation on a capital charge and discusses the precise timing of the loss of citizenship in deportation, as well as the effects of appeal and the lack of jurisdiction on whether a sentence is deemed final.

[IDEM libro quadragesimo octauo ad edictum. ] §48.19.2.prRei capitalis damnatum sic accipere debemus, ex qua causa damnato uel mors uel etiam ciuitatis amissio uel seruitus contingit.
[THE SAME, from the forty-eighth book on the edict] We ought to understand a person "condemned on a capital charge" as one from whose case either death or indeed the loss of citizenship or slavery befalls the condemned.
§48.19.2.1Constat, postquam deportatio in locum aquae et ignis interdictionis successit, non prius amittere quem ciuitatem, quam princeps deportatum in insulam statuerit: praesidem enim deportare non posse nulla dubitatio est.
It is well established that, after deportation took the place of interdiction from water and fire, no one loses citizenship before the emperor has assigned the deported person to an island; for there is no doubt that a governor cannot deport.
sed praefectus urbi ius habet deportandi statimque post sententiam praefecti amisisse ciuitatem uidetur.
But the prefect of the city has the right of deporting, and immediately after the sentence of the prefect, the person is deemed to have lost citizenship.
§48.19.2.2Eum accipiemus damnatum, qui non prouocauit: ceterum si prouocet, nondum damnatus uidetur.
We shall accept as condemned a person who has not appealed; but if he should appeal, he is not yet deemed to be condemned.
sed et si ab eo, qui ius damnandi non habuit rei capitalis, quis damnatus sit, eadem causa erit: damnatus enim ille est, ubi damnatio tenuit.
Moreover, if anyone should be condemned by a person who did not have the right of condemning on a capital charge, the situation will be the same; for a person is only condemned when the condemnation has held good.

Notes

  1. ¦48.19.2.pr¦Rei capitalis — Refers to a capital charge or a crime affecting life or citizenship. It is a genitive of charge depending on the participle "damnatum".
  2. ¦48.19.2.1¦non prius amittere quem ciuitatem, quam — An accusative with infinitive construction depending on "constat", featuring the correlative "non prius... quam" (not before... / not until...). "quem" is the accusative of "aliquis" used as an indefinite pronoun (anyone) following the negative context.
  3. ¦48.19.2.2¦ubi damnatio tenuit — The conjunction "ubi" is used here in a temporal or conditional sense ("where / in cases where"). The verb "tenuit" (perfect of "tenere") has the meaning of "to hold good" or "to remain valid" in a legal sense.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §48.19.2.pr-48.19.2.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:48.19.2.pr-48.19.2.2

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