[MARCIANUS libro quarto decimo institutionum. ] §48.10.1.prPoena legis Corneliae irrogatur ei, qui falsas testationes faciendas testimoniaue falsa inspicienda dolo malo coiecerit.
[MARCIANUS, Institutions, Book XIV] The penalty of the Lex Cornelia is imposed on him who with evil intent has conspired for false attestations to be made or false evidence to be inspected.
§48.10.1.1Item ob instruendam aduocationem testimoniaue pecuniam acceperit pactusue fuerit societatem coierit ad obligationem innocentium, ex senatus consulto coercetur.
Likewise, anyone who, for the purpose of preparing a defense or evidence, has accepted money, or made a pact, or formed a partnership to the detriment of innocent persons, is punished under a senate decree.
§48.10.1.2Sed et si quis ob renuntiandum remittendumue testimonium dicendum uel non dicendum pecuniam acceperit, poena legis Corneliae adficitur. et qui iudicem corruperit corrumpendumue curauerit.
But also, if anyone has accepted money to waive or remit the giving or not giving of evidence, he is subjected to the penalty of the Lex Cornelia; as is also he who has corrupted a judge or taken steps to have him corrupted.
§48.10.1.3Sed et si iudex constitutiones principum neglexerit, punitur.
But also, if a judge has neglected the constitutions of the emperors, he is punished.
§48.10.1.4Qui in rationibus tabulis cerisue uel alia qua re sine consignatione falsum fecerint uel rem amouerint, perinde ex his causis, atque si erant falsarii, puniuntur.
Those who, without a seal, have committed forgery or removed property in accounts, tablets, wax books, or any other thing, are punished for these reasons just as if they were forgers.
sic et diuus Seuerus lege Cornelia de falsis damnauit praefectum Aegypti, quod instrumentis suis, cum praeerat prouinciae, falsum fecit.
Thus also, the deified Severus, under the Lex Cornelia on forgeries, condemned a prefect of Egypt because, when he was in charge of the province, he committed forgery in his own public documents.
§48.10.1.5Is, qui aperuerit uiui testamentum, legis Corneliae poena tenetur.
He who has opened the will of a living person is liable to the penalty of the Lex Cornelia.
§48.10.1.6Is, qui deposita instrumenta apud alium ab eo prodita esse aduersariis suis dicit, accusare eum falsi potest.
He who claims that documents deposited with another have been betrayed by him to his adversaries can accuse him of forgery.
§48.10.1.7Ad testamenta militum senatus consultum pertinet, quo lege Cornelia tenentur, qui sibi legatum fideicommissumue adscripserint.
The senate decree applies to the wills of soldiers, by which those who have written down a legacy or trust for themselves are held liable under the Lex Cornelia.
§48.10.1.8Inter filium et seruum et extraneum testamentum scribentes hoc interest, quod in extraneo, si specialiter subscriptio facta est'quod illi dictaui et recognoui', poena cessat et capi potest, in filio uel seruo uel generalis subscriptio sufficit et ad poenam euitandam et ad capiendum.
Between a son, a slave, and an outsider who write a will, there is this difference: that in the case of an outsider, if a special subscription has been made, "which I dictated to him and approved," the penalty ceases and he can take; whereas in the case of a son or a slave, even a general subscription suffices both to avoid the penalty and to take.
§48.10.1.9Ex illa quoque causa falsi poenae quis subicitur (ut diui quoque Seuerus et Antoninus constituerunt), ut tutores et curatores et qui officio deposito non restituerunt tutelam uel curationem cum fisco contrahere non possint ac, si quis aduersus hanc legem profectus aerario obrepserit, ut perinde puniatur, ac si falsum commisisset.
For the following reason also, someone is subjected to the penalty for forgery (as the deified Severus and Antoninus also established): namely, that tutors and curators, and those who, having laid down their office, have not restored the tutelage or curatorship, cannot contract with the treasury, and if anyone, acting contrary to this law, has defrauded the treasury, he is to be punished just as if he had committed forgery.
§48.10.1.10Sed ad illos hoc non pertinet (ut idem principes rescripserunt), qui antequam tutelam susciperent haec gesserunt: nec enim excusationes admisisse, sed fraudes exclusisse.
But this does not apply to those (as the same emperors replied) who did these things before they undertook the tutelage; for they did not admit excuses, but excluded frauds.
§48.10.1.11Idem principes rescripserunt ita demum eum, qui rationem tutelae uel curae nondum reddidit, cum fisco contrahere non debere, si uiuat is, cuius tutela administrata est: nam si decesserit, licet nondum heredi eius rationem reddiderit, iure eum contrahere.
The same emperors replied that he who has not yet rendered the account of his tutelage or curatorship ought not to contract with the treasury only if he is alive whose tutelage was administered; for if he has died, although he has not yet rendered the account to his heir, he may lawfully contract.
§48.10.1.12Sed si iure hereditario successerunt in fiscalem contractum tutor uel curator, licet ante rationem redditam: non puto poenam locum habere, licet adhuc uiuat is, cuius tutela uel cura administrata est.
But if a tutor or curator has succeeded by hereditary right to a contract with the treasury, even before the account is rendered, I do not think that the penalty has place, although he is still alive whose tutelage or curatorship was administered.
§48.10.1.13Poena falsi uel quasi falsi deportatio est et omnium bonorum publicatio: et si seruus eorum quid admiserit, ultimo supplicio adfici iubetur.
The penalty for forgery or quasi-forgery is deportation and the confiscation of all property; and if their slave has committed any of these, he is ordered to be punished with the ultimate penalty.