[ULPIANUS libro septuagensimo septimo ad edictum. ] §47.10.15.21Qui turpibus uerbis utitur, non temptat pudicitiam, sed iniuriarum tenetur.
He who uses obscene words does not attempt chastity, but is held for injury.
§47.10.15.22Aliud est appellare, aliud adsectari: appellat enim, qui sermone pudicitiam adtemptat, adsectatur, qui tacitus frequenter sequitur: adsiduo enim frequentia quasi praebet nonnullam infamiam.
It is one thing to accost, another to stalk: for he accosts who attempts chastity by speech, while he stalks who silently follows frequently; for constant attendance, as it were, inflicts some infamy.
§47.10.15.23Meminisse autem oportebit non omnem, qui adsectatus est, nec omnem, qui appellauit, hoc edicto conueniri posse (neque enim si quis colludendi, si quis officii honeste faciendi gratia id facit, statim in edictum incidit), sed qui contra bonos mores hoc facit.
But it will be necessary to remember that not everyone who has stalked, nor everyone who has accosted, can be sued under this edict (for if someone does this for the sake of joking, or for the sake of honorably performing a duty, he does not immediately fall under the edict), but he who does this against good morals.
§47.10.15.24Sponsum quoque ad iniuriarum actionem admittendum puto: etenim spectat ad contumeliam eius iniuria, quaecumque sponsae eius fiat.
I think that a betrothed man should also be admitted to the action for injury; for whatever injury is done to his betrothed tends to his insult.
§47.10.15.25Ait praetor: 'ne quid infamandi causa fiat.
The praetor says: "Let nothing be done for the purpose of defaming.
si quis aduersus ea fecerit, prout quaeque res erit, 'animaduertam'. §47.10.15.26Hoc edictum superuacuum esse Labeo ait, quippe cum ex generali iniuriarum agere possumus.
If anyone acts contrary to this, I will take action according to the nature of each case." Labeo says that this edict is superfluous, since we can bring an action under the general action for injury.
sed uidetur et ipsi Labeoni (et ita se habet) praetorem eandem causam secutum uoluisse etiam specialiter de ea re loqui: ea enim, quae notabiliter fiunt, nisi specialiter notentur, uidentur quasi neclecta.
But it seems even to Labeo himself (and indeed it is so) that the praetor, following the same reason, wished also to speak specifically about this matter; for those things which are done in a notorious manner, unless they are specifically noted, seem as if neglected.
§47.10.15.27Generaliter uetuit praetor quid ad infamiam alicuius fieri.
Generally, the praetor forbade anything to be done to the infamy of anyone.
proinde quodcumque quis fecerit uel dixerit, ut alium infamet, erit actio iniuriarum.
Therefore, whatever anyone does or says to defame another, there will be an action for injury.
haec autem fere sunt, quae ad infamiam alicuius fiunt: ut puta ad inuidiam alicuius ueste lugubri utitur aut squalida, aut si barbam demittat uel capillos submittat, aut si carmen conscribat uel proponat uel cantet aliquod, quod pudorem alicuius laedat.
These, moreover, are generally the things done to the infamy of someone: as, for instance, if for the sake of bringing hatred upon someone he wears mourning or filthy clothing, or if he lets his beard grow or lets his hair hang down, or if he composes, publishes, or sings any song which offends someone's modesty.
§47.10.15.28Quod ait praetor: 'si quis aduersus ea fecerit, prout quaqua re erit, animaduertam', sic intellegendum est, ut plenior esset praetoris animaduersio, id est ut quodcumque eum mouerit uel in persona eius qui agit iniuriarum actionem uel eius aduersus quem agitur uel etiam in re ipsa, in qualitate iniuriae, non audiat eum qui agit.
What the praetor says: "If anyone acts contrary to this, I will take action according to the nature of each case," must be understood in this way: so that the praetor's evaluation may be more complete, that is, so that whatever moves him, whether in the person of him who brings the action for injury, or of him against whom it is brought, or even in the matter itself, in the quality of the injury, he may refuse to hear the person who brings the action.
§47.10.15.29Si quis libello dato uel principi uel ali cui famam alienam insectatus fuerit, iniuriarum erit agendum: Papinianus ait.
If anyone, by submitting a petition either to the emperor or to anyone else, has attacked another's reputation, an action for injury must be brought; so Papinian says.
§47.10.15.30Idem ait eum, qui euentum sententiae uelut daturus pecuniam uendidit, fustibus a praeside ob hoc castigatum iniuriarum damnatum uideri: utique autem apparet hunc iniuriam ei fecisse, cuius sententiam uenditauit.
The same writer says that he who has sold the outcome of a judgment as if he were going to give money, and has been chastised with clubs by the governor on this account, is deemed to have been condemned for injury; and indeed it is clear that this person has committed an injury against him whose judgment he peddled.
§47.10.15.31Si quis bona alicuius uel rem unam per iniuriam occupauerit, iniuriarum actione tenetur.
If anyone has unlawfully occupied someone's goods or a single thing, he is held by the action for injury.
§47.10.15.32Item si quis pignus proscripserit uenditurus, tamquam a me acceperit, infamandi mei causa, Seruius ait iniuriarum agi posse.
Likewise, if anyone has advertised a pledge for sale as if he had received it from me, for the purpose of defaming me, Servius says that an action for injury can be brought.
§47.10.15.33Si quis non debitorem quasi debitorem appellauerit iniuriae faciendi causa, iniuriarum tenetur.
If anyone, for the purpose of committing an injury, has addressed a non-debtor as if he were a debtor, he is held for injury.
§47.10.15.34Praetor ait: 'Qui seruum alienum aduersus bonos mores uerberauisse deue eo iniussu domini quaestionem habuisse dicetur, in eum iudicium dabo.
The praetor says: "Against him who is said to have beaten another's slave against good morals, or to have examined him under torture without the master's order, I will grant a trial.
item si quid aliud factum esse dicetur, causa cognita iudicium dabo'.
Likewise, if any other thing is said to have been done, I will grant a trial after investigating the case." If anyone has committed an injury against a slave in order to commit it against the master, I see that the master can bring an action for injury in his own name.
§47.10.15.35Si quis sic fecit iniuriam seruo, ut domino faceret, uideo dominum iniuriarum agere posse suo nomine: si uero non ad suggillationem domini id fecit, ipsi seruo facta iniuria inulta a praetore relinqui non debuit, maxime si uerberibus uel quaestione fieret: hanc enim et seruum sentire palam est.
But if he did not do it for the insult of the master, the injury done to the slave himself ought not to be left unpunished by the praetor, especially if it was done by beating or torture; for it is obvious that even a slave feels this.
§47.10.15.36Si communem quis seruum uerberauerit, utique hac actione non tenebitur, cum iure domini id fecerit.
If anyone has beaten a common slave, he will certainly not be held by this action, since he did it by the right of a master.
§47.10.15.37Nec si fructuarius id fecerit, dominus cum eo agit, uel si proprietarius fecerit, fructuarius eum conueniet.
Nor, if the usufructuary has done it, does the owner bring an action against him; or if the owner has done it, does the usufructuary sue him.