Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §46.8.20.pr

Ratification Security in Stipulations Replacing Actions

Passage 7851 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian explains that an agent must provide security for ratification not only in lawsuits but also in stipulations that substitute for actions, such as stipulations for double value or threatened damage.

[ULPIANUS libro primo disputationum. ] §46.8.20.prNon solum in actionibus, quas procurator intendit, uerum in stipulationibus quoque, quas interponi desiderat, si uicem repraesentant actionum, cauere eum de rato oportet.
[ULPIANUS, Disputations, Book I] Not only in actions which an agent brings, but also in stipulations which he desires to be entered into, if they take the place of actions, he must give security for ratification.
quare si duplae stipulationem procurator interponat, de rato cauere debet.
Therefore, if an agent enters into a stipulation for double value, he must give security for ratification.
sed et si damni infecti stipulatio a procuratore interponatur, de rato debet procurator cauere.
But also, if a stipulation for threatened damage is entered into by an agent, the agent must give security for ratification.

Notes

  1. §46.8.20.pruicem repraesentant — The accusative uicem (from vicis, turn/stead) combined with the verb repraesentare (to represent, embody) forms an idiomatic expression meaning 'to take the place of' or 'to act as a substitute for'. Here it governs the genitive actionum, meaning 'to take the place of actions'.
  2. §46.8.20.prde rato — An elliptical expression for the legal formula de rato habendo (concerning ratification by the principal). Dependent on cauere (to give security), it refers to the agent providing security that the principal will ratify the act.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §46.8.20.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:46.8.20.pr

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