[IDEM libro nono stipulationum. ] §46.7.19.prNouissima clausula iudicatum solui stipulationis 'dolum malum abesse afuturumque esse' et in futurum tempus permanens factum demonstrat.
[THE SAME, On Stipulations, book 9.] last clause of the stipulation for payment of the judgment, 'that fraud is and shall be absent', points to a fact continuing into future time.
itaque et si forte decesserit is, qui dolo fecerit, tenebitur heres eius: uerbum enim 'afuturumque esse' plenissimum est et ad omne tempus refertur, ut, si aliquo tempore non afuerit dolus, quoniam uerum sit non afuisse, committatur haec clausula. §46.7.19.1Si autem adiectum sit: 'si huius rei dolus malus non aberit, quanti ea res est, dari spondes?', et ob extranei dolum promissor poena tenebitur. §46.7.19.2Doli autem mali clausula, sicut reliquae stipulationes, in quibus tempus nominatim adiectum non est, ad principium stipulationis refertur.
Therefore, even if he who acted with fraud should happen to die, his heir will be held liable; for the word 'and shall be absent' is most comprehensive and refers to all time, so that if at any time fraud was not absent, since it is true that it was not absent, this clause is triggered., however, it is added: 'If fraud is not absent concerning this matter, do you promise that a sum equal to the value of the matter shall be given?', the promisor will be held liable for the penalty even on account of the fraud of a third party. clause concerning fraud, however, like other stipulations in which a time is not expressly added, refers to the beginning of the stipulation.