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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §46.5.1.pr-46.5.1.10

Three Kinds of Praetorian Stipulations and Security

Passage 7788 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian defines the three classes of praetorian stipulations (judicial, cautionary, and common), explaining their concrete examples, the distinction between giving security with sureties (satisdatio) and a bare promise (repromissio), and the praetor's jurisdiction in disputes.

[ULPIANUS libro septuagensimo ad edictum. ] §46.5.1.prPraetoriarum stipulationum tres uidentur esse species, iudiciales cautionales communes.
There appear to be three classes of praetorian stipulations: judicial, cautionary, and common.
§46.5.1.1Iudiciales eas dicimus, quae propter iudicium interponuntur ut ratum fiat, ut iudicatum solui et ex operis noui nuntiatione.
We call those "judicial" which are interposed on account of a trial, so that the judgment may be made effective, such as the stipulation for payment of the judgment debt, and that arising from the notification of a new work.
§46.5.1.2Cautionales sunt autem, quae instar actionis habent et, ut sit noua actio, intercedunt, ut de legatis stipulationes et de tutela et ratam rem haberi et damni infecti.
Those are "cautionary" which have the character of an action, and interpose so that there may be a new action, such as stipulations concerning legacies, concerning guardianship, that a transaction shall be ratified, and concerning threatened damage.
§46.5.1.3Communes sunt stipulationes, quae fiunt iudicio sistendi causa.
"Common" stipulations are those which are made for the purpose of appearing in court.
§46.5.1.4Et sciendum est omnes stipulationes natura sui cautionales esse: hoc enim agitur in stipulationibus, ut quis cautior sit et securior interposita stipulatione.
And it must be known that all stipulations are by their very nature cautionary; for this is what is aimed at in stipulations, that a person may be safer and more secure by the interposition of a stipulation.
§46.5.1.5Stipulationum istarum praetoriarum quaedam sunt, quae satisdationem exigunt, quaedam nudam repromissionem: sed perpaucae sunt, quae nudam promissionem habent, quibus enumeratis apparebit ceteras non esse repromissiones, sed satisdationes.
Of these praetorian stipulations, some require security with sureties, others a bare promise; but there are very few which involve a bare promise, and when these have been enumerated, it will appear that the others are not bare promises, but security with sureties.
§46.5.1.6Stipulatio itaque ex operis noui nuntiatione alias satisdationem, alias repromissionem habet.
Thus, the stipulation arising from the notification of a new work sometimes requires security with sureties, sometimes a bare promise.
ex qua operis noui nuntiatione satisdari oporteat. quemadmodum satisdetur.
It must be considered from which notification of a new work security with sureties ought to be given, and in what manner it is given.
namque de eo opere, quod in priuato factum erit, satisdatio est: de eo, quod in publico, repromitti oportet: sed hi quidem, qui suo nomine cauent, repromittunt, qui alieno, satisdant.
For concerning a work which is done on private property, security with sureties is required; concerning that on public property, a bare promise ought to be made; but those who provide security on their own behalf make a bare promise, while those on behalf of another give security with sureties.
§46.5.1.7Item ex causa damni infecti interdum repromittitur, interdum satisdatur: nam si quid in flumine publico fiat, satisdatur, de aedibus autem repromittitur.
Likewise, in the case of threatened damage, sometimes a bare promise is made, sometimes security with sureties is given; for if anything is done in a public river, security with sureties is given, but concerning houses, a bare promise is made.
§46.5.1.8Stipulatio duplae repromissio est, nisi si conuenerit, ut satisdetur.
The stipulation for double value is a bare promise, unless it has been agreed that security with sureties shall be given.
§46.5.1.9Quod si sit aliqua controuersia, ut puta si dicatur per calumniam desiderari, ut stipulatio interponatur, ipse praetor debet super ea re summatim cognoscere et cautum iubere aut denegare.
But if there is any dispute, as for example if it is alleged that the stipulation is demanded vexatiously, the praetor himself ought to investigate the matter summarily and order security to be given or refuse it.
§46.5.1.10Sed et si quid uel addi uel detrahi uel immutari in stipulatione oporteat, praetoriae erit iurisdictionis.
Furthermore, if anything ought to be added, subtracted, or changed in the stipulation, this will fall under the jurisdiction of the praetor.

Notes

  1. 46.5.1.1ut ratum fiat — A purpose clause introduced by "ut". It is understood impersonally or with the preceding "iudicium" (judgment) as its subject ("so that the judgment may be made effective").
  2. 46.5.1.2instar actionis habent — "instar" is an indeclinable noun meaning "likeness" or "equivalent", which regularly takes a genitive ("actionis"). Here it functions substantively as the object of the verb "habere", meaning "to have the character of an action."
  3. 46.5.1.5quibus enumeratis — An ablative absolute with a relative connection. "quibus" refers back to the antecedent "quae nudam promissionem habent" (stipulations that involve a bare promise), meaning "when these have been enumerated."
  4. 46.5.1.6ex qua ... oporteat — An indirect question clause depending on an implied question of inquiry after the previous sentence, indicating under which notification of a new work security should be given. The verb "oporteat" is subjunctive present.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §46.5.1.pr-46.5.1.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:46.5.1.pr-46.5.1.10

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