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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §46.3.49.pr

Discharge via Third Parties and Release of Pledge

Passage 7704 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The text explains various forms of debt discharge (payment by order to third parties, ratification, payment to representatives) and the effectiveness of formal release or security in the context of the hypothecary formula.

[MARCIANUS libro singulari ad hypothecariam formulam. ] §46.3.49.prSolutam pecuniam intellegimus utique naturaliter, si numerata sit creditori.
[MARCIANUS in his single book on the Hypothecary Formula.] We understand money to have been paid, at all events in a natural sense, if it has been counted out to the creditor.
sed et si iussu eius alii soluatur, uel creditori eius uel futuro debitori uel etiam ei cui donaturus erat, absolui debet.
But also if, by his order, it is paid to another—either to his creditor, or to a future debtor, or even to one to whom he was going to make a donation—the debtor ought to be released.
ratam quoque solutionem si creditor habuerit, idem erit.
Also, if the creditor ratifies the payment, it will be the same.
tutori quoque si soluta sit pecunia uel curatori uel procuratori uel cuilibet successori uel seruo actori, proficiet ei solutio.
Furthermore, if the money has been paid to a tutor, a curator, a procurator, any successor whatsoever, or to a slave who is an agent, the payment will benefit him.
quod si acceptum latum sit, quod stipulationis nomine hypotheca erat obligata uel sine stipulatione accepta sit, solutionis quidem uerbum non proficiet, sed satisdatio sufficit.
But if a formal release has been entered—either because the hypothec was bound under the name of a stipulation and a formal release was given, or it was accepted without a stipulation—the word 'payment' indeed will not apply, but the provision of security is sufficient.

Notes

  1. §46.3.49.prSolutam pecuniam — Accusative with infinitive construction acting as the object of the verb intellegimus, where pecuniam is the subject accusative and solutam (esse) is the predicate infinitive.
  2. §46.3.49.prratam ... habuerit — ratam habere is a legal idiom meaning 'to ratify' or 'to approve' (a split form of ratihabere).
  3. §46.3.49.prsolutionis quidem uerbum non proficiet — This refers to the standard wording in the hypothecary formula (formula hypothecaria) containing 'payment' (solutio). In cases such as a formal release (acceptilatio) where no actual cash is transferred, the literal word 'payment' does not apply, but substantive security (satisdatio) is sufficient for the purpose of the action.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §46.3.49.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:46.3.49.pr

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