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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §46.3.12.pr-46.3.12.4

Payment to True Procurators, Nominees, and Ratification

Passage 7667 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This chunk discusses the definition of a true procurator, the validity of release from obligation by paying a designated third party (not a procurator) specified in a stipulation, and the effect of ratification by the principal for payment made to an unauthorized procurator.

[ULPIANUS libro trigensimo ad Sabinum. ] §46.3.12.prUero procuratori recte soluitur.
[ULPIANUS libro trigensimo ad Sabinum.] Payment is rightly made to a true procurator.
uerum autem accipere debemus eum, cui mandatum est uel specialiter uel cui omnium negotiorum administratio mandata est.
However, we ought to understand as a true procurator one to whom a mandate has been given either specially, or to whom the administration of all business has been mandated.
§46.3.12.1Interdum tamen et non procuratori recte soluitur: ut puta cuius stipulationi nomen insertum est, si quis stipuletur sibi aut Titio.
Sometimes, however, payment is rightly made even to one who is not a procurator: as for example, to one whose name has been inserted in a stipulation, if anyone stipulates for himself or for Titius.
§46.3.12.2Sed et si quis mandauerit, ut Titio soluam, deinde uetuerit eum accipere: si ignorans prohibitum eum accipere soluam, liberabor, sed si sciero, non liberabor.
But also if anyone has mandated that I should pay Titius, and then has forbidden him to receive it: if, being ignorant that he has been forbidden to receive it, I pay him, I shall be released; but if I know, I shall not be released.
§46.3.12.3Alia causa est, si mihi proponas stipulatum aliquem sibi aut Titio: hic enim etsi prohibeat me Titio soluere, soluendo tamen liberabor, quia certam condicionem habuit stipulatio, quam immutare non potuit stipulator.
The case is different, if you propose to me that someone stipulated for himself or for Titius: for here, even if he forbids me to pay Titius, I shall nevertheless be released by paying, because the stipulation contained a fixed condition which the stipulator could not change.
§46.3.12.4Sed et si non uero procuratori soluam, ratum autem habeat dominus quod solutum est, liberatio contingit: rati enim habitio mandato comparatur.
But also if I pay to one who is not a true procurator, and the principal ratifies what has been paid, a release occurs: for ratification is equated to a mandate.

Notes

  1. §46.3.12.pruerum autem accipere debemus eum — The verb 'accipere' is used here in the sense of 'to understand' or 'to interpret'. 'eum' is the direct object of 'accipere', and 'uerum' functions as a predicate accusative referring back to 'procuratorem' from the previous sentence.
  2. §46.3.12.1cuius stipulationi — The antecedent of the relative pronoun 'cuius' is an omitted dative demonstrative pronoun (such as 'ei'), corresponding to the preceding 'non procuratori'.
  3. §46.3.12.2prohibitum eum accipere — An accusative with infinitive construction (indirect speech) serving as the object of 'ignorans'. 'eum' is the subject accusative, and 'prohibitum' is the passive perfect infinitive with 'esse' omitted. 'accipere' is a complementary infinitive depending on 'prohibitum'.
  4. §46.3.12.3stipulatum aliquem — An accusative with infinitive construction serving as the object of 'proponas'. 'stipulatum [esse]' is the perfect active (from the deponent verb 'stipulor') infinitive with 'aliquem' as its subject.
  5. §46.3.12.4ratum autem habeat dominus quod solutum est — The phrase 'ratum habere' is an idiomatic expression meaning 'to ratify' or 'to approve'. The present subjunctive 'habeat' is grammatically connected to the conditional 'si', expressing a parallel conditional clause.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §46.3.12.pr-46.3.12.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:46.3.12.pr-46.3.12.4

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