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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §46.3.107.pr

Extinction of Verbal Obligations by Natural and Civil Law

Passage 7763 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Pomponius classifies and explains the grounds for the dissolution of verbal obligations into natural ones (payment, loss of the thing without fault) and civil ones (formal release, merger of rights).

[POMPONIUS libro secundo enchiridii. ] §46.3.107.prUerborum obligatio aut naturaliter resoluitur aut ciuiliter: naturaliter ueluti solutione aut cum res in stipulationem deducta sine culpa promissoris in rebus humanis esse desiit: ciuiliter ueluti acceptilatione uel cum in eandem personam ius stipulantis promittentisque deuenit.
[POMPONIUS, in the second book of the Handbook.] A verbal obligation is dissolved either naturally or civilly: naturally, as by payment, or when the thing brought into the stipulation has ceased to exist without the fault of the promisor; civilly, as by formal release, or when the right of the stipulator and that of the promisor have devolved upon the same person.

Notes

  1. §46.3.107.prnaturaliter ueluti solutione — The verb `resoluitur` from the main clause is implied after the adverbs `naturaliter` and `ciuiliter`. In both cases, the ablative phrase introduced by `ueluti` (e.g., `solutione`, `acceptilatione`) and the `cum` clause introduced by the conjunction `aut` or `uel` (e.g., `cum... desiit`, `cum... deuenit`) are in a parallel structure as examples of dissolution.
  2. §46.3.107.prin rebus humanis esse desiit — The expression "to cease to be among human things" (literally, "to cease to exist in human affairs") is a legal idiom meaning that the subject matter of the contract (such as a specific thing) has been physically destroyed or has ceased to be legally available. The subject is `res in stipulationem deducta` (the thing brought into the stipulation).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §46.3.107.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:46.3.107.pr

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