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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §46.2.28.pr

Consecutive Stipulations for Property and Its Value Without Novation

Passage 7649 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

On the relationship between two stipulations made for the same estate—first for the property itself, and then for its value—when there is no intention of novating, and how subsequent changes in the estate's value affect the recovery.

[IDEM libro secundo definitionum. ] §46.2.28.prFundum Cornelianum stipulatus quanti fundus est postea stipulor: si non nouandi animo secunda stipulatio facta est, cessat nouatio.
[The Same, Definitions, Book 2.] Having stipulated for the Cornelian estate, I afterwards stipulate for how much the estate is worth: if the second stipulation was not made with the intention of novating, novation does not take place.
nouatio: secunda uero stipulatio tenet, ex qua non fundus, sed pecunia debetur.
Novation: but the second stipulation holds, under which not the estate, but money is owed.
itaque si reus promittendi fundum soluat, secunda stipulatio iure non tollitur, nec si litem actor ex prima contestetur.
Therefore, even if the promisor should deliver the estate, the second stipulation is not discharged by law, nor is it if the plaintiff joins issue on the first.
denique meliore uel deteriore facto sine culpa debitoris postea fundo praesens aestimatio fundo petito recte consideretur, in altera uero ea aestimatio uenit, quae secundae stipulationis tempore fuit.
Finally, if the estate subsequently becomes better or worse without the fault of the debtor, when the estate is sued for, its present valuation is rightly considered; but in the other, that valuation comes into play which existed at the time of the second stipulation.

Notes

  1. §46.2.28.prstipulatus — Perfect participle of the deponent verb `stipulor` (to stipulate), carrying an active meaning. It represents an action prior to the main verb `stipulor`.
  2. §46.2.28.prquanti fundus est — An indirect question clause using the genitive of value `quanti`, serving as the object of the subsequent `stipulor`. It represents a stipulation for the monetary value of the estate.
  3. §46.2.28.prnouandi — Genitive of the gerund, modifying the noun `animo` (in the ablative). It expresses the "intention of novating" (i.e., extinguishing an old obligation by creating a new one).
  4. §46.2.28.prfundo ... meliore uel deteriore facto — An ablative absolute construction consisting of the noun `fundo`, the perfect participle `facto`, and the comparative adjectives `meliore uel deteriore`. It expresses the condition or circumstance "the estate having become better or worse."

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §46.2.28.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:46.2.28.pr

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