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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §46.1.52.pr-46.1.52.3

Surety Risk on Lost Pledges and Tenant Sureties

Passage 7600 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section regulates the allocation of risk for lost pledges, the liability of tutors and the relief of pupils in divided actions, the liability of sureties for tenant-farmers, and the release of multiple joint mandators.

[IDEM libro undecimo responsorum. ] §46.1.52.prAmissi ruina pignoris damnum tam fideiussoris quam rei promittendi periculum spectat, nec ad rem pertinebit, si fideiussor ita sit acceptus: 'quanto minus ex pretio pignoris distracti seruari potuerit': istis enim uerbis etiam totum contineri conuenit.
[The same, in the eleventh book of Opinions.] The loss of a pledge destroyed by collapse concerns the risk of both the surety and the principal debtor; nor will it make any difference if the surety was accepted in this way: 'for whatever less could be recovered from the price of the sold pledge'; for it is agreed that even the whole sum is covered by those words.
§46.1.52.1Inter fideiussores actione diuisa condemnatus si desierit esse soluendo, fraus uel segnitia tutoribus, qui iudicatum persequi potuerunt, damnum dabit: quod si diuisam actionem inter eos, qui non erant soluendo, constabit, pupilli nomine restitutionis auxilium implorabitur.
If, after the action has been divided among the sureties, one who was condemned ceases to be solvent, any fraud or negligence will bring loss to the tutors who could have executed the judgment; but if it is established that the divided action was brought against those who were not solvent, the relief of restitution will be implored on behalf of the pupil.
§46.1.52.2Fideiussores a colonis datos etiam ob pecuniam dotis praediorum teneri conuenit, cum ea quoque species locationis uinculum ad se trahat: nec mutat, confestim an interiecto tempore fidem suam adstrinxerunt.
It is agreed that sureties provided by tenant-farmers are liable also for the money of the dowry of the estates, since that kind of transaction also draws to itself the obligation of a lease; nor does it make any difference whether they bound their credit immediately or after an interval of time.
§46.1.52.3Plures eiusdem pecuniae credendae mandatores, si unus iudicio eligatur, absolutione quoque secuta non liberantur, sed omnes liberantur pecunia soluta.
If there are several mandators for lending the same money, and one is chosen for trial, they are not released even if an acquittal follows; but all are released when the money is paid.

Notes

  1. §46.1.52.prquanto minus ex pretio pignoris distracti seruari potuerit — This phrase forms a conditional clause limiting the scope of the surety's liability ('for whatever less could be recovered from the price of the sold pledge'). It functions as an object clause expressing the terms under which the surety was accepted after 'si', where 'quanto minus' is a comparative expression of measure of difference.
  2. §46.1.52.1tutoribus, qui iudicatum persequi potuerunt, damnum dabit — In the phrase 'damnum dare' (to cause loss), the recipients of the loss, 'tutoribus' (the tutors), are placed in the dative case. The subject is 'fraus uel segnitia' (fraud or negligence), meaning that their own fraud or negligence will bring financial loss upon themselves.
  3. §46.1.52.1quod si diuisam actionem inter eos, qui non erant soluendo, constabit — The accusative-and-infinitive clause 'diuisam actionem ... [fuisse]' functions as the subject of the impersonal verb 'constabit' (it will be established), with the infinitive 'fuisse' (or 'esse') being omitted. Additionally, 'soluendo' is a dative of purpose/suitability used idiomatically to mean 'solvent'.
  4. §46.1.52.3mandatores eiusdem pecuniae credendae — 'pecuniae credendae' is a gerundive construction in the genitive case modifying 'mandatores'. It refers to 'the mandators of lending the same money' (those who acted as de facto guarantors through a mandate to lend money).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §46.1.52.pr-46.1.52.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:46.1.52.pr-46.1.52.3

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