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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §45.3.7.pr-45.3.7.1

Stipulation by Order of Some Masters and Between Co-Owners

Passage 7515 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian discusses the distribution of acquired rights among co-owners when a common slave stipulates by the order or by name of some of them, and explains how rights are acquired when the slave stipulates with one of his own co-owners.

[ULPIANUS libro quadragesimo octauo ad Sabinum. ] §45.3.7.prProinde et si quattuor forte dominos habuerit et duorum iussu stipulatus sit, his solis adquiret qui iusserunt, magisque est, ut non aequaliter, sed pro portione dominica totum eis adquiratur.
[ULPIANUS, in the forty-eighth book on Sabinus.] Accordingly, even if a slave happens to have four masters and has stipulated by the order of two of them, he will acquire only for those who gave the order; and it is more reasonable that the whole should be acquired for them not equally, but in proportion to their ownership shares.
idem puto et si nominatim eis stipulatus esse proponatur: nam et si omnium iussu stipulatus sit uel omnibus nominatim, non dubitaremus omnibus pro dominicis eum portionibus, non pro uirilibus adquirere.
I think the same even if it is proposed that he stipulated for them by name; for even if he stipulated by the order of all or for all by name, we would not doubt that he acquires for all in proportion to their ownership shares, not per capita.
§45.3.7.1Si seruus communis ab uno ex sociis stipulatus sit, si quidem nominatim alteri socio, ei soli debetur: sin autem sine ulla adiectione pure stipulatus sit, reliquas partes is seruus ceteris sociis praeter eam partem, ex qua promissor dominus esset, adquiret.
If a common slave has stipulated from one of his co-owners, if indeed he did so by name for the other co-owner, it is owed to that one alone; but if he stipulated purely without any addition, that slave will acquire the remaining shares for the other co-owners, excluding that share in respect of which the promisor was his master.
sed si iussu unius socii stipulatus est, idem iuris est, quod esset, si eidem illi socio nominatim dari stipulatus esset.
But if he stipulated by the order of one co-owner, the same rule of law applies as would apply if he had stipulated for it to be given to that same co-owner by name.
interdum etiamsi neque iussu neque nominatim alteri ex dominis stipularetur, ei tamen soli adquirere eum Iuliano placuit: ut puta si quid forte stipuletur, quod utrique adquiri non potest.
Sometimes, even if he stipulated neither by the order of nor by name for one of his masters, it nevertheless pleased Julian that he acquires for that one alone: as for instance, if he happens to stipulate for something which cannot be acquired for both.
ueluti seruitutem ad fundum Cornelianum stipulatus est, qui fundus Sempronii erat alterius ex dominis: ei soli adquirit.
For example, he stipulated for a servitude for the Cornelian estate, which estate belonged to Sempronius, the other of his masters: he acquires for him alone.

Notes

  1. §45.3.7.pradquiret — The active verb `adquiret` takes the slave as its subject and is used in a causative sense, meaning 'to bring acquisition to (the master)'. Since slaves lacked legal capacity, the legal effects of their acts accrued directly to their masters.
  2. §45.3.7.prpro uirilibus — An abbreviation for `pro uirilibus portionibus` ('per capita' or 'in equal shares per person'). It is contrasted here with `pro dominicis portionibus` (in proportion to their respective ownership shares).
  3. §45.3.7.1reliquas partes is seruus ceteris sociis praeter eam partem, ex qua promissor dominus esset, adquiret — The core syntactic structure is: `is seruus` (subject) `adquiret` (verb) `reliquas partes` (direct object) `ceteris sociis` (indirect object). The object of `praeter` ('except'), `eam partem`, is modified by the relative clause `ex qua promissor dominus esset` ('in respect of which the promissor was master').

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §45.3.7.pr-45.3.7.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:45.3.7.pr-45.3.7.1

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