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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §45.1.9.pr

Mutually Exclusive Conditional Stipulations and Priority of Action

Passage 7355 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This text explains that if Titius and Seius have separately stipulated for the conveyance of land on the condition that it is not given to the other, the deadline for conveyance to either party ends upon the joinder of issue, and therefore the action belongs to the one who sues first.

[POMPONIUS libro secundo ad Sabinum. ] §45.1.9.prSi Titius et Seius separatim ita stipulati essent: 'fundum illum, si illi non dederis, mihi dare spondes?', finem dandi alteri fore, quoad iudicium acciperetur, et ideo occupantis fore actionem.
[POMPONIUS, in the second book on Sabinus.] If Titius and Seius had separately stipulated thus: 'If you do not give that land to him, do you promise to give it to me?', the limit for giving to the other would be until the trial is accepted, and therefore the action would belong to the one who first preempts it.

Notes

  1. §45.1.9.prstipulati essent — The subjunctive pluperfect forms a conditional clause contrary to past fact ('if they had stipulated'). The main clauses use future infinitives (fore) in indirect discourse, representing Pomponius' legal opinion.
  2. §45.1.9.prquoad iudicium acciperetur — The conjunction quoad ('until') takes the imperfect subjunctive acciperetur to indicate an anticipated limit in time (the acceptance of the trial, i.e., the joinder of issue or litis contestatio).
  3. §45.1.9.proccupantis fore actionem — occupantis is the genitive singular of the present participle occupans ('the one who preempts/occupies'). It acts as a possessive genitive with fore (= futurum esse), meaning 'the action will belong to the one who takes initiative first'.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §45.1.9.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:45.1.9.pr

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