[IDEM libro septuagensimo quinto ad edictum. ] §45.1.85.prIn exsecutione obligationis sciendum est quattuor causas esse: nam interdum est aliquid, quod a singulis heredibus diuisum consequi possumus: aliud, quod totum peti necesse est nec diuisum praestari potest: aliud quod pro parte petitur, sed solui nisi totum non potest: aliud, quod solidum petendum est, licet in solutionem admittat secutionem.
[The same, On the Edict, Book 75] In the execution of an obligation, it should be known that there are four cases: for sometimes there is something which we can obtain divided from individual heirs; another, which must be sued for as a whole and cannot be performed in a divided manner; another which is sued for in part, but cannot be paid unless as a whole; and another, which must be sued for in full, although it allows for successive performance in payment.
§45.1.85.1Prima species pertinet ad promissorem pecuniae certae: nam et petitio et solutio ad portiones hereditarias spectat.
The first class relates to a promisor of a certain sum of money; for both the claim and the payment look to the hereditary portions.
§45.1.85.2Secunda ad opus, quod testator fieri iusserit: nam singuli heredes in solidum tenentur, quia operis effectus in partes scindi non potest.
The second relates to a work which a testator ordered to be done; for the individual heirs are bound for the whole, because the effect of the work cannot be split into parts.
§45.1.85.3Quod si stipulatus fuero: 'per te heredemue tuum non fieri, quo minus eam agam: si aduersus ea factum sit, tantum dari?' et unus ex pluribus heredibus promissoris me prohibeat, uerior est sententia existimantium unius facto omnes teneri, quoniam, licet ab uno prohibeor, non tamen in partem prohibeor: sed ceteri familiae erciscundae iudicio sarcient damnum.
But if I have stipulated: 'that it shall not be brought about by you or your heir that I am prevented from driving; and if anything is done to the contrary, so much shall be given,' and one of several heirs of the promisor prevents me, the opinion of those who think that all are bound by the act of one is more correct, since, although I am prevented by one, I am not, however, prevented in part; but the others will repair the damage by means of the action for the division of the inheritance.
§45.1.85.4Pro parte autem peti, solui autem nisi totum non potest, ueluti cum stipulatus sum hominem incertum: nam petitio eius scinditur, solui uero nisi solidus non potest.
On the other hand, that which is sued for in part but cannot be paid unless as a whole is, for example, when I have stipulated for an unspecified slave; for the claim for him is split, but payment cannot be made unless as a whole.
alioquin in diuersis hominibus recte partes soluentur: quod non potuit defunctus facere, nec quod stipulatus sum consequar.
Otherwise, shares would be correctly paid in different slaves, which the deceased could not have done, nor would I obtain what I stipulated for.
idem iuris est, et si quis decem milia aut hominem promiserit.
The law is the same even if someone has promised ten thousand or an unspecified slave.
§45.1.85.5In solidum uero agi oportet et partis solutio adfert liberationem, cum ex causa euictionis intendimus: nam auctoris heredes in solidum denuntiandi sunt omnesque debent subsistere et quolibet defugiente omnes tenebuntur, sed unicuique pro parte hereditaria praestatio iniungitur.
But it is necessary to sue for the whole, and payment of a part brings release, when we sue on account of eviction; for the heirs of the seller must be notified for the whole, and all of them must stand by, and if any one of them fails to do so, all will be held liable, but performance is enjoined upon each one in proportion to his hereditary share.
§45.1.85.6Item si ita stipulatio facta sit: 'si fundus Titianus datus non erit, centum dari?', nisi totus detur, poena committitur centum nec prodest partes fundi tradere cessante uno, quemadmodum non prodest ad pignus liberandum partem creditori soluere.
Likewise, if a stipulation is made in this way: 'if the Titian estate is not given, shall one hundred be given?', unless the whole is given, the penalty of one hundred is incurred, and it is of no benefit to deliver parts of the estate if one fails to act, just as it is of no benefit for the purpose of releasing a pledge to pay a part to the creditor.
§45.1.85.7Quicumque sub condicione obligatus curauerit, ne condicio exsisteret, nihilo minus obligatur.
Whoever, being bound under a condition, has brought it about that the condition should not exist, is nonetheless bound.