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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §45.1.63.pr

Fulfillment of Stipulations with Disjunctive Conditions

Passage 7410 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section explains that in a stipulation with two disjunctive conditions, the obligation is realized as soon as whichever of the conditions is first fulfilled, and if one of them fails, the fulfillment of the other is necessary to realize the stipulation.

[AFRICANUS libro sexto quaestionum. ] §45.1.63.prSi ita quis stipuletur: 'siue nauis ex Asia uenerit siue Titius consul factus fuerit', utra prius condicio exstitisset, stipulatio committetur et amplius committi non potest.
[AFRICANUS, Questions, Book 6] If anyone should stipulate thus: 'whether the ship shall have come from Asia, or Titius shall have been made consul', whichever condition should have occurred first, the stipulation will be realized, and it cannot be realized any further.
sed enim cum ex duabus disiunctiuis condicionibus altera defecerit, necesse est, ut ea, quae exstiterit, stipulationem committat.
But indeed, when one of the two disjunctive conditions has failed, it is necessary that the one which has occurred should realize the stipulation.

Notes

  1. §45.1.63.prstipulatio committetur — The verb 'committere' when used in legal texts in relation to a conditional stipulation (stipulatio sub condicione) means that the stipulation is 'realized' or 'becomes exigible' upon the fulfillment of the condition. Here, it indicates that the creditor's claim becomes enforceable.
  2. §45.1.63.prutra prius condicio exstitisset — An indirect question or a relative clause expressing condition introduced by the pronoun 'uter' (whichever of the two). The subjunctive pluperfect 'exstitisset' represents a completed action in the future (functioning as a future perfect) viewed from a hypothetical past perspective relative to the main verb 'committetur'.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §45.1.63.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:45.1.63.pr

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