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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §45.1.52.pr-45.1.52.1

Conventional Stipulations and Delivery of Vacant Possession

Passage 7399 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The text explains the difference between conventional stipulations (formed by the parties) and praetorian stipulations (governed by the praetor's intent and unalterable), and states that a promise to deliver vacant possession includes not just a physical fact but the legal cause of the property.

[IDEM libro septimo disputationum. ] §45.1.52.prIn conuentionalibus stipulationibus contractui formam contrahentes dant.
[THE SAME, in the seventh book of Disputations.] In conventional stipulations, the contracting parties give form to the contract.
enimuero praetoriae stipulationes legem accipiunt de mente praetoris qui eas proposuit: denique praetoriis stipulationibus nihil immutare licet neque addere neque detrahere.
On the other hand, praetorian stipulations receive their law from the mind of the praetor who proposed them; therefore, in praetorian stipulations it is permitted to change nothing, neither to add nor to subtract.
§45.1.52.1Si quis uacuam possessionem tradi promiserit, non nudum factum haec stipulatio continebit, sed causam bonorum.
If anyone has promised that vacant possession be delivered, this stipulation will contain not a bare fact, but the legal cause of the property.

Notes

  1. §45.1.52.prpraetoriis stipulationibus — Dative or ablative (without a preposition). It modifies "nihil immutare licet" (it is permitted to change nothing) to mean "in/to praetorian stipulations."
  2. §45.1.52.1uacuam possessionem tradi — An accusative with infinitive clause acting as the object of the verb "promiserit" (has promised). "Uacuam possessionem" (vacant possession) is the subject accusative of the passive infinitive "tradi" (to be delivered).
  3. §45.1.52.1causam bonorum — The accusative object of the verb "continebit" (will contain), contrasted with "nudum factum" (a bare fact). It indicates that the stipulation encompasses not merely the physical transfer of possession, but also the legal status and benefits (causa) associated with the property.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §45.1.52.pr-45.1.52.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:45.1.52.pr-45.1.52.1

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