[PAULUS libro duodecimo ad Sabinum. ] §45.1.2.prStipulationum quaedam in dando, quaedam in faciendo consistunt.
[PAULUS libro duodecimo ad Sabinum.] Of stipulations, some consist in giving, some in doing.
§45.1.2.1Et harum omnium quaedam partium praestationem recipiunt, ueluti cum decem dari stipulamur: quaedam non recipiunt, ut in his, quae natura diuisionem non admittunt, ueluti cum uiam iter actum stipulamur: quaedam partis quidem dationem natura recipiunt, sed nisi tota dantur, stipulationi satis non fit, ueluti cum hominem generaliter stipulor aut lancem aut quodlibet uas: nam si Stichi pars soluta sit, nondum in ulla parte stipulationis liberatio nata est, sed aut statim repeti potest aut in pendenti est, donec alius detur.
And of all these, some admit performance in parts, as for instance when we stipulate for ten to be given; some do not admit it, as in those things which by nature do not allow division, as for instance when we stipulate for a right of way, a right of passage, or a right of driving; some indeed by nature admit the giving of a part, but unless they are given in their entirety, the stipulation is not satisfied, as for instance when I stipulate generally for a slave, or a dish, or any vessel whatsoever. For if a part of Stichus has been delivered, liberation has not yet arisen in any part of the stipulation, but it can either be recovered immediately or is in suspense until the other is given.
eiusdem condicionis est haec stipulatio: 'Stichum aut Pamphilum dari'?
Of the same condition is this stipulation: 'for Stichus or Pamphilus to be given'?
§45.1.2.2Ex his igitur stipulationibus ne heredes quidem pro parte soluendo liberari possunt, quamdiu non eandem rem omnes dederint: non enim ex persona heredum condicio obligationis immutatur.
Therefore, from these stipulations not even heirs can be liberated by paying in part, as long as they have not all given the same thing; for the condition of the obligation is not changed by the person of the heirs.
et ideo si diuisionem res promissa non recipit, ueluti uia, heredes promissoris singuli in solidum tenentur: sed quo casu unus ex heredibus solidum praestiterit, repetitionem habebit a coherede familiae erciscundae iudicio.
And therefore, if the promised thing does not admit division, as for instance a right of way, the individual heirs of the promisor are bound for the whole. But in which case, if one of the heirs has performed the whole, he will have a right of recovery from his co-heir by the action for partitioning an inheritance.
ex quo quidem accidere Pomponius ait, ut et stipulatoris uiae uel itineris heredes singuli in solidum habeant actionem: sed quidam hoc casu extingui stipulationem putant, quia per singulos adquiri seruitus non potest: sed non facit inutilem stipulationem difficultas praestationis.
From which indeed Pomponius says it happens that the individual heirs of the stipulator of a right of way or passage also have an action for the whole; but some think that in this case the stipulation is extinguished, because a servitude cannot be acquired through individuals; but the difficulty of performance does not make a stipulation useless.
§45.1.2.3Si tamen hominem stipulatus cum uno ex heredibus promissoris egero, pars dumtaxat ceterorum obligationi supererit, ut et solui potest.
If, however, having stipulated for a slave, I bring an action against one of the heirs of the promisor, only the share of the others will remain in the obligation, so that it can also be paid.
idemque est, si uni ex heredibus accepto latum sit.
And the same is true if a release has been given to one of the heirs.
§45.1.2.4Idemque est in ipso promissore et fideiussoribus eius, quod diximus in heredibus.
And what we have said regarding the heirs is also the case for the promisor himself and his sureties.
§45.1.2.5Item si in facto sit stipulatio, ueluti si ita stipulatus fuero: 'per te non fieri neque per heredem tuum, quo minus mihi ire agere liceat'? et unus ex pluribus heredibus prohibuerit, tenentur quidem et coheredes eius, sed familiae erciscundae iudicio ab eo repetent quod praestiterint.
Likewise, if the stipulation consists in an act, as for instance if I shall have stipulated thus: 'that nothing be done by you nor by your heir to prevent me from passing or driving'? and one of several heirs has prevented it, his co-heirs indeed are also bound, but they will recover what they have performed from him by the action for partitioning an inheritance.
hoc et Iulianus et Pomponius probant.
This both Julianus and Pomponius approve.
§45.1.2.6Contra autem si stipulator decesserit, qui stipulatus erat sibi heredique suo agere licere, et unus ex heredibus eius prohibeatur, interesse dicemus, utrum in solidum committatur stipulatio an pro parte eius, qui prohibitus est.
On the other hand, if the stipulator has died, who had stipulated that it be permitted for himself and his heir to pass, and one of his heirs is prevented, we shall say that it makes a difference whether the stipulation is committed for the whole or for the share of him who was prevented.
nam si poena stipulationi adiecta sit, in solidum committetur, sed qui non sunt prohibiti, doli mali exceptione summouebuntur: si uero poena nulla posita sit, tunc pro parte eius tantum qui prohibitus est committetur stipulatio.
For if a penalty was added to the stipulation, it will be committed for the whole, but those who were not prevented will be barred by the defense of fraud; but if no penalty was placed, then the stipulation will be committed only for the share of him who was prevented.