Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §45.1.107.pr

Validity of a Stipulation of Money for Emancipating an Adopted Son

Passage 7454 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

It is discussed whether it is immoral or unjust for an adoptive father to require a promise of money from the natural father's side as a condition for emancipating his adopted son.

[IDEM libro octauo epistularum. ] §45.1.107.prUtrum turpem talem stipulationem putes an non, quaero.
[THE SAME, book eight of Letters.] I ask whether you think such a stipulation is immoral or not.
pater naturalis filium, quem Titius habebat in adoptionem, heredem instituit, si patria potestate liberatus esset: pater eum adoptiuus non alias emancipare uoluit, quam si ei dedisset, a quo stipularetur certam summam, si eum manumisisset: post emancipationem adiit heres filius: petit nunc pecuniam pater ex stipulatione supra relata.
A natural father appointed his son, whom Titius had in adoption, as heir, on the condition "if he should be released from paternal power." The adoptive father was not willing to emancipate him otherwise than if someone had given him a person from whom he might stipulate for a certain sum of money if he should release him. After the emancipation, the son entered upon the inheritance as heir. Now the father claims the money under the stipulation mentioned above.
respondit: non puto turpem esse causam stipulationis, utpote cum aliter filium emancipaturus non fuerit: nec potest uideri iniusta causa stipulationis, si aliquid adoptiuus pater habere uoluerit, propter quod a filio post emancipationem magis curaretur.
He answered: I do not think that the cause of the stipulation is immoral, especially since he would not have emancipated the son otherwise; nor can the cause of the stipulation appear unjust if the adoptive father wished to have something by reason of which he would be more cared for by his son after emancipation.

Notes

  1. 45.1.107.prnon alias emancipare uoluit, quam si ei dedisset, a quo stipularetur certam summam — The direct object of dedisset (the person to be provided) is omitted and is modified by the relative clause a quo stipularetur... ("from whom [the adoptive father] might stipulate for a certain sum"). The subject of dedisset is the natural father or someone on his side, and ei refers to the adoptive father.
  2. 45.1.107.prsi eum manumisisset — The subject of manumisisset is the adoptive father. It refers to the formal act of release (manumissio) performed within the legal process of emancipation (emancipatio), after the son was conceptually sold and remancipated.
  3. 45.1.107.prpropter quod a filio post emancipationem magis curaretur — The antecedent of propter quod is aliquid. curaretur is an imperfect subjunctive passive, whose subject is the adoptive father. It indicates a practical intent that, through the medium of "something" (such as a financial claim) retained by the adoptive father, he might be more reliably cared for or respected by his son after emancipation.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §45.1.107.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:45.1.107.pr

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