Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §44.4.7.pr-44.4.7.1

Defense of Fraud and Recovery for Promise under Mistaken Debt

Passage 7270 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Explains Iulianus' opinion on the application of the exception of dolus malus and the action for recovery when a person promises money to a third party under another's order due to a mistaken belief of debt.

[ULPIANUS libro septuagensimo sexto ad edictum. ] §44.4.7.prIulianus ait: si pecuniam, quam me tibi debere existimabam, iussu tuo spoponderim ei cui donare uolebas, exceptione doli mali potero me tueri et praeterea condictio mihi aduersus stipulatorem competit, ut me liberet. §44.4.7.1Idem Iulianus ait, si ei, quem creditorem tuum putabas, iussu tuo pecuniam, quam me tibi debere existimabam, promisero, petentem doli mali exceptione summoueri debere, et amplius agendo cum stipulatore consequar, ut mihi acceptam faciat stipulationem.
[ULPIAN in the seventy-sixth book on the edict.]\n\nIulianus says: if, by your order, I have promised money which I believed I owed you to someone to whom you wished to make a donation, I will be able to protect myself by the exception of dolus malus, and besides, an action for recovery lies in my favor against the stipulator to release me.\n\nThe same Iulianus says: if, by your order, I have promised money which I believed I owed you to someone whom you thought to be your creditor, the person who sues ought to be barred by the exception of dolus malus, and furthermore, by bringing an action against the stipulator, I will obtain that he formalizes a release of the stipulation for me.
et habet haec sententia Iuliani humanitatem, ut etiam aduersus hunc utar exceptione et condictione, cui sum obligatus.
And this opinion of Iulianus has humanity, so that I may use both the exception and the action for recovery even against this person to whom I am bound.

Notes

  1. §44.4.7.prspoponderim — Future perfect indicative (or perfect subjunctive), showing a completed hypothetical action prior to the future tense of the main clause (potero) in the conditional clause.
  2. §44.4.7.1petentem doli mali exceptione summoueri debere — An indirect speech construction (Accusativus cum Infinitivo) governed by 'Idem Iulianus ait'. The subject accusative of 'debere' is 'petentem' (the one who sues, i.e., the stipulator).
  3. §44.4.7.1acceptam faciat stipulationem — A technical legal expression referring to acceptilatio (verbal release) in Roman law, a formal transaction by which an obligation arising from a stipulation is discharged.
  4. §44.4.7.1humanitatem — Refers to 'humanity' or 'equity' in legal interpretation, softening the application of strict law (ius strictum). It is accompanied by an appositive ut clause explaining its specific content.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §44.4.7.pr-44.4.7.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:44.4.7.pr-44.4.7.1

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