[NERATIUS libro quarto membranarum. ] §44.4.11.prSi procurator agit, de dolo eius excipi non debet, quia aliena lis est isque rei extraneus, neque alienus dolus nocere alteri debet.
[NERATIUS in the fourth book of Parchments.] If a procurator brings an action, an exception should not be pleaded regarding his fraud, because the lawsuit belongs to another and he is a stranger to the matter, and the fraud of one person ought not to harm another.
si post litem contestatam dolo quid fecerit, an exceptio eo nomine in iudicium obicienda sit, dubitari potest, quia litis contestatione res procuratoris fit eamque suo iam quodammodo nomine exequitur.
If, after the joinder of issue, he has done something with fraudulent intent, it can be doubted whether an exception on that account should be raised in the trial, because by the joinder of issue the matter becomes the procurator's own and he now, in a way, pursues it in his own name.
et placet de procuratoris dolo excipiendum esse.
And it is approved that an exception should be pleaded regarding the procurator's fraud.
idem de tutore, qui pupilli nomine aget, dicendum est.
The same must be said of a tutor who will act in the name of a pupil.
§44.4.11.1In uniuersum autem haec in ea re regula sequenda est, ut dolus omnimodo puniatur, etsi non ali cui, sed ipsi, qui eum admisit, damnosus futurus erit.
Generally, however, this rule must be followed in this matter: that fraud should be punished in every way, even if it will be damaging not to anyone else, but to the very person who committed it.