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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §43.4.3.pr-43.4.3.3

Enforcement and Remedies for Putting in Possession for Trusts and the Unborn

Passage 7039 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section discusses the remedies, extraordinary execution by officials, analogous actions, and protection of possession for an unborn child when entry into possession for preserving a trust or for a fetus is prevented.

[ULPIANUS libro sexagensimo octauo ad edictum. ] §43.4.3.prSi quis missus fuerit in possessionem fideicommissi seruandi causa et non admittatur, potestate eius inducendus est in possessionem, qui eum misit, aut si quis uolet uti interdicto, consequens erit dicere interdictum locum habere.
[ULPIANUS, on the Edict, book sixty-eight.] If anyone has been sent into possession for the purpose of preserving a trust and is not admitted, he must be inducted into possession by the power of the one who sent him; or if anyone wishes to make use of an interdict, it will follow that we say the interdict is applicable.
sed melius erit dicere extra ordinem ipsos iure suae potestatis exsequi oportere decretum suum, nonnumquam etiam per manum militarem.
But it will be better to say that they themselves, by the right of their own power, ought to execute their own decree extra ordinem, sometimes even by military force.
§43.4.3.1Constitutum est ab Antonino, ut etiam in bona heredis quis admittatur certis modis.
It was established by Antoninus that under certain conditions a person may also be admitted into the property of an heir.
si quis igitur in his bonis non admittatur, dicendum est actionem hanc utilem competere: ceterum poterit uti et extraordinaria exsecutione.
Therefore, if anyone is not admitted into this property, it must be said that this analogous action is available; however, he will also be able to make use of extraordinary execution.
§43.4.3.2Praetor uentrem in possessionem mittit, et hoc interdictum prohibitorium et restitutorium est.
The praetor sends an unborn child into possession, and this interdict is both prohibitory and restitutory.
sed si mulier uelit in factum actione uti ad exemplum creditorum magis quam interdicto, posse eam experiri sciendum est.
But if a woman wishes to make use of an action on the facts after the example of creditors, rather than the interdict, it must be known that she is able to try this.
§43.4.3.3Si mulier dicatur calumniae causa in possessionem uenisse, quod non sit praegnas uel non ex eo praegnas, uel si de statu mulieris aliquid dicatur: ex epistula diui Hadriani ad exemplum praesumptionis Carboniani edicti uentri praetor pollicetur possessionem.
If a woman is said to have entered into possession for the purpose of vexation, on the grounds that she is not pregnant or not pregnant by him, or if something is said regarding the status of the woman: in accordance with a letter of the divine Hadrian, after the example of the presumption under the Carbonian Edict, the praetor promises possession to the unborn child.

Notes

  1. §43.4.3.proportere — An embedded Accusative with Infinitive (AcI) construction introduced by `melius erit dicere`. The impersonal verb `oportere` takes `ipsos` (the officials themselves) as its subject accusative, with `exsequi` acting as the complementary infinitive.
  2. §43.4.3.2posse eam experiri — An Accusative with Infinitive construction introduced by the impersonal gerundive of obligation `sciendum est` (it must be known). The accusative `eam` (she) is the subject of `posse` (to be able), which in turn takes the deponent infinitive `experiri` (to try/sue) as its complement.
  3. §43.4.3.3quod non sit praegnas — A `quod` clause with the subjunctive `sit`. It expresses a subjective or alleged reason asserted by the accuser ("that she is not pregnant") rather than an objective fact stated by the speaker (Ulpian), hence the use of the subjunctive instead of the indicative.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §43.4.3.pr-43.4.3.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:43.4.3.pr-43.4.3.3

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