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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §43.26.19.pr-43.26.19.2

Impossibility of Concurrent Holding and Available Remedies

Passage 7169 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This passage discusses the impossibility of two persons holding a thing in solidum, the establishment of a precarium relation by subsequent ratification, and the availability of both the interdict and the condictio incerti as remedies.

[IDEM libro quadragensimo nono digestorum. ] §43.26.19.prDuo in solidum precario habere non magis possunt, quam duo in solidum ui possidere aut clam: nam neque iustae neque iniustae possessiones duae concurrere possunt.
[THE SAME, Digest, book forty-nine.] Two persons cannot hold property by precarium in solidum, any more than two persons can possess in solidum by force or clandestinely; for neither two just nor two unjust possessions can coexist.
§43.26.19.1Qui seruum meum precario rogat, uidetur a me precario habere, si hoc ratum habuero, et ideo precario interdicto mihi tenebitur.
He who requests my slave by precarium is deemed to hold him by precarium from me, if I ratify this, and therefore he will be liable to me under the interdict concerning precarium.
§43.26.19.2Cum quid precario rogatum est, non solum interdicto uti possumus, sed et incerti condictione, id est praescriptis uerbis.
When anything has been requested by precarium, we can use not only the interdict, but also the condictio incerti, that is, the action praescriptis verbis.

Notes

  1. §43.26.19.prin solidum — A legal term meaning "for the whole" or "undivided." Here it expresses the indivisibility of possession, meaning that two persons cannot each exclusively control the same thing as a whole at the same time.
  2. §43.26.19.1ratum habuero — First-person singular future perfect indicative of ratum habere (to ratify, approve). In the conditional clause (si-clause), it denotes an action that must occur prior to the actions in the main clause (uidetur, tenebitur).
  3. §43.26.19.2praescriptis uerbis — An ablative phrase of instrument. It is part of the formula "actio praescriptis verbis" (an action with prescribed words, or action on the case), referring to a legal remedy constructed on the basis of the specific facts written at the head of the formula.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §43.26.19.pr-43.26.19.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:43.26.19.pr-43.26.19.2

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