[ULPIANUS libro septuagensimo ad edictum. ] §43.18.1.prAit praetor: 'Uti ex lege locationis siue conductionis superficie, qua de agitur, nec ui nec clam nec precario alter ab altero fruemini', quo minus fruamini, uim fieri ueto.
[ULPIANUS, in the seventieth book on the Edict.] The praetor says: 'In the manner in which you enjoy the superficies which is in question, according to the terms of the lease or hire, without force, stealth, or permission from one another, I forbid force to be used to prevent you from so enjoying it.
si qua alia actio de superficie postulabitur, causa cognita dabo'. §43.18.1.1Qui superficiem in alieno solo habet, ciuili actione subnixus est: nam si conduxit superficiem, ex conducto, si emit, ex empto agere cum domino soli potest.
If any other action concerning the superficies is requested, I will grant it after investigation of the case.' Anyone who has a superficies on another's land is supported by a civil action; for if he has hired the superficies, he can sue the owner of the land by the action on hire, and if he bought it, by the action on purchase.
enim si ipse eum prohibeat, quod interest agendo consequetur: sin autem ab alio prohibeatur, praestare ei actiones suas debet dominus et cedere.
For if the owner himself should obstruct him, he will recover his interest by suing; but if he is obstructed by someone else, the owner must provide and cede his own actions to him.
sed longe utile uisum est, quia et incertum erat, an locati existeret, et quia melius est possidere potius quam in personam experiri, hoc interdictum proponere et quasi in rem actionem polliceri.
But it seemed far more useful—both because it was uncertain whether an action on lease would lie, and because it is better to possess rather than to proceed against a person—to propose this interdict and to promise an action analogous to an action in rem.
§43.18.1.2Proponitur autem interdictum duplex exemplo interdicti uti possidetis.
Moreover, the interdict is proposed as a double interdict on the model of the interdict 'uti possidetis'.
tuetur itaque praetor eum, qui superficiem petit, ueluti uti possidetis interdicto, neque exigit ab eo, quam causam possidendi habeat: unum tantum requirit, num forte ui clam precario ab aduersario possideat.
Therefore, the praetor protects him who claims the superficies, just as in the interdict 'uti possidetis', and does not require from him what cause of possession he has; he inquires only into one thing, whether by chance he possesses by force, stealth, or permission from his adversary.
omnia quoque, quae in uti possidetis interdicto seruantur, hic quoque seruabuntur.
Everything also that is observed in the interdict 'uti possidetis' will be observed here as well.
§43.18.1.3Quod ait praetor 'si actio de superficie postulabitur, causa cognita dabo', sic intellegendum est, ut, si ad tempus quis superficiem conduxerit, negetur ei in rem actio.
What the praetor says, 'if any action concerning the superficies is requested, I will grant it after investigation of the case', must be understood in this way: that if anyone has hired a superficies for a temporary period, an action in rem is to be denied to him.
et sane causa cognita ei, qui non ad modicum tempus conduxit superficiem, in rem actio competet.
And certainly, after investigation of the case, an action in rem will lie for him who has hired the superficies not for a short period of time.
§43.18.1.4Is autem, in cuius solo superficies est, utique non indiget utili actione, sed habet in rem, qualem habet de solo.
However, he on whose land the superficies is certainly does not need an adapted action, but has an action in rem such as he has concerning the land.
plane si aduersus superficiarium uelit uindicare, dicendum est exceptione utendum in factum data: nam cui damus actionem, eidem et exceptionem competere multo magis quis dixerit.
Clearly, if he wishes to vindicate it against the superficiary, it must be said that he must use the exception granted based on the facts; for anyone would say with much more reason that to whom we give an action, to the same person an exception also lies.
§43.18.1.5Si soli possessori superficies euincatur, aequissimum erit subuenire ei uel ex stipulatu de euictione uel certe ex empto actione.
If the superficies is evicted from the possessor of the land, it will be most equitable to relieve him either by the action on the stipulation concerning eviction, or at least by the action on purchase.
§43.18.1.6Quia autem etiam in rem actio de superficie dabitur, petitori quoque in superficiem dari et quasi usum fructum siue usum quendam eius esse et constitui posse per utiles actiones credendum est.
Furthermore, because an action in rem will also be granted concerning the superficies, it must be believed that it can also be granted to a claimant in respect of the superficies, and that some usufruct or use of it, as it were, can exist and be established through adapted actions.
§43.18.1.7Sed et tradi posse intellegendum est, ut et legari et donari possit.
But it must also be understood that it can be transferred, so that it can also be bequeathed and donated.
§43.18.1.8Et si duobus sit communis, etiam utile communi diuidundo iudicium dabimus.
And if it is common to two persons, we shall also grant an adapted action for the division of common property.
§43.18.1.9Seruitutes quoque praetorio iure constituentur et ipsae ad exemplum earum, quae ipso iure constitutae sunt, utilibus actionibus petentur: sed et interdictum de his utile competit.
Servitudes will also be established by praetorian law, and they themselves, on the model of those which have been established by operation of law, will be claimed by adapted actions; but an adapted interdict concerning them also lies.